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成實論

成實論》(梵語Tattvasiddhi[1],共十六卷,印度訶梨跋摩(Harivarman)所著,成實宗的主要論典。由姚秦鳩摩羅什由梵文譯為漢文。《成實論》講說如來教法,經、律、論三藏中的「真義」,故名《成實論》。

作者

作者訶梨跋摩,劉宋時又譯作〝師子鎧〞,從說一切有部的究摩羅陀出家,後至華氏城大眾部僧共住,「研心方等」,在論中明白說到了提婆的『四百觀論』,説明他在此時也研讀了大乘經論。他繼承經部鳩摩羅羅陀的思想,但羅陀是標準的譬喻者,而訶黎跋摩已大小兼學,著重於義理的立破,思想自由,表現出獨到的立場[2]

思想

說一切有部一般主張我空法有,承認無我所有,從法體的意義上看,心法法體類似有我的存在。《成實論》則主張我空法空,從一切的觀點上看,類似大乘,然而將說成虛無的一點上,又與大乘義不一樣。

《成實論》的,是從真實上說的,俗諦上則諸法是有,因而有二諦說。在俗諦上分類,諸法有五位八十四法,根據析空觀分析可達到原子程度,分析心到達一剎那。如此証於空義,就進入涅槃。大乘的空觀是即空觀,與析空觀不同。[3]

《成實論》是屬於那個部派,自古即有種種的異說。[4]隋唐以前,《成實論》被視為大乘論,但隋唐以後判定為小乘論。[5]

譯註

姚秦弘始14年(公元412年),鳩摩羅什翻譯完成《成實論》,在翻譯的同時,邊對他的門人,作詮釋講解,再由他的門人僧叡宣講給其他的門人學習。由曇影整理《成實論》,分列諸品,歸編成五個部分,稱為《成實五聚》共二百零二品。在印度,此论未见流传。梵文原本早已佚失,现存梵本是从汉译本还译的。

南北朝光宅寺法雲撰《成實論義疏》,莊嚴寺僧旻著《成實論義疏》10卷,開善寺智藏撰《成實論義疏》14卷及《成實論大義記》,合稱成實論三疏。

註釋

  1. ^ oxfordreference. Satyasiddhi Śāstra. [2020-07-31]. (原始内容存档于2020-12-21). Recent scholars have suggested that the title should correctly be restored as the Tattvasiddhi Śāstra rather than Satyasiddhi Śāstra. 
  2. ^ http://www.fzrj.com/bookbig5/31/yinshun31-10.html[永久失效連結] 印順法師《印度佛教思想史》
  3. ^ 宇井伯壽著,釋印海譯:《印度佛教思想史》(台北:華宇出版社,1987),頁62-63。
  4. ^ 存档副本. [2008-03-27]. (原始内容存档于2008-12-01).  水野宏元〈譬喻師與《成實論》〉
  5. ^ 宇井伯壽:《印度佛教思想史》,頁62。
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成實論
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