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慚 (佛教)

梵語hrīhri巴利語hiri),佛教術語,字面意義為自我尊重,覺醒。是一種道德勇氣誠實態度,使人能夠面對與反省自己的行為,避免不道德的舉動。在阿毗達摩傳統中,被認為是一種心所,說一切有部將其列為大善地法之一。

其反義詞為無慚(ā-hrīkya)。

概論

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慚經常與並舉,古代論師對其有不同定義,一說是指能夠自我尊重,對於有德者有崇敬之心,不去做讓人感到羞恥的事,稱為慚。另一個說法,認為能夠自我觀察,反省,對於自己的錯誤行為感到羞耻,稱為慚[1]

《大般涅盤經 · 梵行品第八之五》即《大般涅槃經卷第十九》云:

慚者,自不作罪; 愧者,不教他作。

慚者,內自羞恥; 愧者,發露向人。

慚者羞人,愧者羞天, 是名慚愧。

註釋

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  1. ^ 玄奘譯《阿毘達磨俱舍論》卷四:「謂翻初釋,有敬有崇,有所忌難,有所隨屬,說名為慚。於罪見怖,說名為愧。翻第二釋,於所造罪,自觀有恥,說名為慚。觀他有恥,說名為愧。」
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慚 (佛教)
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