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恐慌症

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恐慌症
(panic disorder)
症状心悸恐慌發作
类型焦虑障碍疾病
治療认知行为疗法
分类和外部资源
醫學專科精神医学
ICD-116B01
ICD-10F41.0
ICD-9-CM300.01, 300.21
OMIM167870、​607853、​609985
DiseasesDB30913
MedlinePlus000924
eMedicine287913
MeSHD016584
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

惊恐障碍[1](panic disorder,台湾译恐慌症),是一種焦慮症,特徵為沒有預兆地一再恐慌發作[2]。恐慌發作是突然的短期強烈恐懼,可能包含心悸、流汗、手顫抖、呼吸困難、麻痺感、或是有非常嚴重的事即將發生的感覺[2][3]。症狀的強度在會在幾分鐘內達到最高峰[3]。可能會對恐慌復發有著揮之不去的憂慮,並試圖避開過去曾恐慌發作的地方[2]

恐慌症的成因至今未明[4],並且常發生於同一家族的成員之中[4]。其風險因子包含抽菸精神壓力英语Psychological stress以及曾遭受兒童虐待的歷史[3]。其診斷牽涉到排除其他可能造成焦慮的原因,包含心理疾患、其他病情如心臟病甲狀腺機能亢進、藥物使用等[3][4]。這個症狀的篩檢可以藉由病患健康問卷英语Patient Health Questionnaire來達成[5]

恐慌症通常藉由心理治療藥品治療[4]。最常使用的心理治療為認知行為療法(CBT),對過半的患者都皆有效果[4][6]。常使用的藥物為抗憂鬱藥,有時也會使用苯二氮平β受體阻斷劑[2][4]。停止治療後追蹤有高達30%的再發率[6]

約莫2.5%的人口一生中曾經受到恐慌症所影響[6]。雖然在一生中的任何時間皆有可能發病,但大多起始於青春期或青年前期[4],較少發生於孩童或是老人[3]。女性受到影響的風險較男性高[4]

註釋

  1. ^ 世界卫生组织.ICD-11精神、行为与神经发育障碍临床描述与诊断指南 [M].王振黄晶晶,主译.北京:人民卫生出版社, 2023: 129-133. 978-7-117-34848-5.
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 2.3 Anxiety Disorders. NIMH. March 2016 [2016-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-29). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (5th ed.), Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing: 208–217, 938, 2013, ISBN 0890425558 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 Panic Disorder: When Fear Overwhelms. NIMH. 2013 [2016-10-01]. (原始内容存档于2016-10-04). 
  5. ^ Herr, NR; Williams JW, Jr; Benjamin, S; McDuffie, J. Does this patient have generalized anxiety or panic disorder?: The Rational Clinical Examination systematic review.. JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association. 2014-07-02, 312 (1): 78–84. PMID 25058220. doi:10.1001/jama.2014.5950. 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 Craske, MG; Stein, MB. Anxiety.. Lancet. 2016-06-24. PMID 27349358. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)30381-6. 

外部連結

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恐慌症
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