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恒河露齿鲨

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恒河露齿鲨
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 软骨鱼纲 Chondrichthyes
亚类: 鲨总目 Selachimorpha
目: 真鲨目 Carcharhiniformes
科: 真鯊科 Carcharhinidae
属: 露齒鯊屬 Glyphis
种:
恒河露齿鲨 G. gangeticus
二名法
Glyphis gangeticus
(J. P. Müller & Henle英语Friedrich Gustav Jakob Henle, 1839)
分布區域(藍色)
異名
  • Carcharhinus gangeticus (Müller & Henle, 1839)
  • Carcharias gangeticus (Müller & Henle, 1839)
  • Carcharias murrayi (Günther, 1883)
  • Eulamia gangetica (Müller & Henle, 1839)
  • Platypodon gangeticus (Müller & Henle, 1839)
  • Carcharias siamensis (Steindachner, 1896)
  • Glyphis siamensis (Steindachner, 1896)
  • Glyphis fowlerae (Compagno, W. T. White & Cavanagh, 2010)

恆河露齒鯊(學名:Glyphis gangeticus)又名印度露齒鯊恆河真鯊恆河白眼鮫大沙恒河鯊,為真鯊科露齒鯊屬的魚類,屬於極危物種印度孟加拉部分的布拉馬普特拉河恆河博多河流域,該物種的模式產地主要在印度恆河。本種容易與同樣分布於恆河的公牛鯊誤認[2],但與公牛鯊不一樣,恆河露齒鯊與他的另外兩個近親露齒鯊(Glyphis glyphis)、北河露齒鯊(Glyphis garricki)才是真正的淡水鯊魚,而公牛鯊仍然需要游到海中進行繁殖。

描述

[编辑]

恆河露齒鯊屬於較鮮為人知,缺乏足夠研究數據資料的物種[3]。剛出生時的幼鯊體長為56至61 cm(22至24英寸),成年個體體長約為178 cm(70英寸),最長可達204 cm(80英寸)[4]。其他露齒鯊屬物種出生時及成年個體的體長則仍然未知[5]

恆河露齒鯊的外型屬於典型的真鯊科,具有兩個無棘的背鰭以及一個臀鰭。第一背鰭的位置約於胸鰭的後三分之一位置;背鰭與腹鰭具有鰭游離後端。第二背鰭較大,高度約為第一背鰭的50%。臀鰭較第二背鰭小。胸鰭寬大。尾柄有尾前凹窪,但缺乏側脊。體色多半為灰色至棕色,沒有花紋[2]

恆河露齒鯊的眼睛很小,可能是為了適應的恆河與孟加拉灣的混濁水域中而退化。和其他鯊魚一樣,牠們的眼睛也有瞬膜[2]

參考文獻

[编辑]
  1. ^ Compagno, L.J.V. Glyphis gangeticus. IUCN Red List of Threatened Species (IUCN). 2007, 2007: e.T9281A12978210 [12 May 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-04-11). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Compagno, L. J. V. Threatened fishes of the world: Glyphis gangeticus (Muller & Henle, 1839) (Carcharnidae). Environmental Biology of Fishes. 1997, 49: 400. doi:10.1023/a:1007358922066. 
  3. ^ Martin, R. A. Conservation of freshwater and euryhaline elasmobranchs: a review. Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom. 2005, 85 (5): 1049–1073. doi:10.1017/s0025315405012105. 
  4. ^ Compagno, L. J. V. 'Ganges shark Glyphis gangeticus'. In: Fowler, S.L., Cavanagh, R.D., Camhi, M., Burgess, G.H., Cailliet, G.M., Fordham, S.V., Simpfendorfer, C.A. and Musick, J.A. (eds). Sharks, rays and chimaeras: the status of the Chondrichthyan fishes.. Gland, Switzerland, and Cambridge, UK.: IUCN Species Survival Commission Shark Specialist Group, IUCN. 2005: 305–306. 
  5. ^ Martin, R. A. The Mysterious, Endangered River Sharks (Glyphis spp.). ReefQuest Centre for Shark Research. [10 December 2012]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-27). 
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恒河露齿鲨
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