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弱超荷

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粒子物理学中,弱超荷(英語:Weak hypercharge)是一个与与电荷弱同位旋第三分量有关的守恒量子数,类比于有着盖尔曼-西岛关系的强相互作用中的超荷(它在弱相互作用中不守恒)。它通常被标记为YW,对应于规范对称群U(1)[1] 它是守恆的(在拉格朗日中只允許整體弱超電荷中性的項)。然而,其中一種相互作用是與希格斯場。由於希格斯場真空期望值不為零,因此即使在真空中,粒子也會一直與該場相互作用。這改變了它們的弱超電荷(和弱同位旋T3)。只有它們的特定組合,(電荷),是守恆的。

在數學上,弱超電荷與強相互作用超電荷的Gell-Mann–Nishijima formula公式相似(在弱相互作用中不守恆,輕子為零)。

在電弱理論中,根據定義,SU(2) 變換與U(1) 變換對易,因此 SU(2) 雙峰的元素(例如左旋上下夸克)的 U(1) 電荷必須相等。這就是為什麼 U(1) 不能與 U(1) em識別並且必須引入弱超電荷的原因。

1961 年, Sheldon Glashow首次引入了弱超電荷。

参考

[编辑]
  1. ^ J. F. Donoghue, E. Golowich, B. R. Holstein. Dynamics of the standard model. Cambridge University Press. 1994: 52. ISBN 0-521-47652-6. 
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弱超荷
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