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巽他島弧

巽他島弧位於板塊活動頻繁的地區

巽他島弧是由蘇門答臘島爪哇島巽他海峽小巽他群島等組成的火山弧,島上的火山鏈是該區的主要地形。

巽他島弧地處於板塊活動區域,位於印度地下的巽他板塊緬甸板塊兩個東歐亞板塊與形成印度洋孟加拉灣海床的印度-澳洲板塊兩者之間互相聚合。巽他島弧出現所有地球動力學的特徵,是一個典型的火山島弧。

2004年12月26日,印度-澳洲板塊沿著巽他島弧隱沒於巽他板塊和緬甸板塊以下,爪哇海溝中的隱沒帶變形,造成2004年印度洋大地震

巽他島弧上有世界上最危險和爆炸性的火山松巴哇島坦博拉火山1815年的爆發被認為是有史以來最大型的火山爆發。這道隱沒帶也形成世界上最大型的活火山多巴湖,該火山曾經發生人類歷史上最大型的火山爆發指數達8級的火山爆發,產生超過2,800立方公里的岩漿。

1883年喀拉喀托火山爆發,巨響傳至5,000公里以外的地方仍可聽見,是有記錄以來已知最巨大的聲音。數以十萬計的人因上述和其他火山如帕潘達揚火山加隆貢火山克盧德火山爆發而喪命。

延伸閱讀

[编辑]
  • Newcomb KR & McCann WR. (1987). Seismic history and seismotectonics of the Sunda Arc. Journal of Geophysical Research; 92:421–439.
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巽他島弧
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