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降伏强度,英文 (Yield Strength),即降伏應力彈性限度,或稱强韧度,在機械與材料科學的定義中,降伏點是應力-應變曲線上的一個點,該點表示彈性行為的極限和塑性行為的開始。在降伏點以下,材料將彈性變形,其應力應變比值固定呈一條直線,並在去除應用的應力後恢復到其原始形狀。一旦超過降伏點,一部分變形將是永久的和不可逆的,被稱為塑性變形,有延展性的材料受力在降伏點以上時,應力應變比值不再固定,再稍微增加受力後就會產生破斷的應力值(即極限應力, Ultimate stress)。

降伏強度或降伏應力是一種材料性質,是對應於材料開始塑性變形的降伏點的應力,在機械結構的設計、製造上是相當重要的指標。在設計上來說,降伏強度被當作是機械組件受力的極限負載,用來判斷結構的破壞與否,因為它代表了可以施加而不產生永久變形的應力上限。降伏是一種漸進的失效模式,通常不會像極限失效那樣災難性。在製造上,降伏強度可用來作為工件成形的控制,像是鍛造、滾軋、抽拉和擠製等成形。

在固體力學中,可以用三維主應力()來指定降伏點,並使用降伏面或降伏準則。針對不同的材料有各種降伏準則定義,延展性材料如鋁,非線性行為是漸進開始的,並且沒有精確的降伏點。在這種情況下,偏移降伏點被定義為發生0.2%塑性變形的應力。

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