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屈宜臼.
屈宜臼,亦作屈宜咎。戰國時楚國宗室大夫,以言辯而著名。
吴起投奔楚悼王,悼王一向仰慕吴起的才能,任命吴起为宛城(今河南省南阳市宛城区一带)太守,一年后升任令尹。期间他曾两次巡视至息县(今河南省息县),向屈宜臼询问在楚国的为臣之道,但屈宜臼对吴起将进行的变法持坚决反对。[1]
韓昭僖侯二十九年(前334年),韓國興建一座高大的牌樓(高門),屈宜臼直接批評昭僖侯說:「我認為君王您絕不可能走出這個門,為甚麼呢?因為不是時候。「不是時候」的意義,不是指擇日不對。人生在世,有時順利、有時倒楣。從前您曾順利過,卻沒有興建高門。去年,秦國佔領宜陽,韓國大旱,您不節約,體恤民困,反而豪華奢侈,這是亡國的做法。所以說不是時候。」[2]翌年,高門完工,昭僖侯也逝世了。
- ^ 《说苑·卷十五·指武》:吴起为苑守,行县适息,问屈宜臼曰:“王不知起不肖,以为苑守,先生将何以教之?”屈公不对。居一年,王以为令尹,行县适息。问屈宜臼曰:“起问先生,先生不教。今王不知起不肖,以为令尹,先生试观起为之也!”屈公曰:“子将奈何?”吴起曰:“将均楚国之爵而平其禄,损其有余而继其不足,厉甲兵以时争于天下。”屈公曰:“吾闻昔善治国家者不变故,不易常。今子将均楚国之爵而平其禄,损其有余而继其不足,是变其故而易其常也。且吾闻兵者凶器也,争者逆德也。今子阴谋逆德,好用凶器,殆人所弃,逆之至也,淫泆之事也,行者不利。且子用鲁兵不宜得志于齐而得志焉;子用魏兵不宜得志于秦而得志焉。吾闻之曰:‘非祸人不能成祸。’吾固怪吾主之数逆天道,至今无祸。嘻!且待夫子也。”吴起惕然曰:“尚可更乎?”屈公曰:“不可。”吴起曰:“起之为人谋。”屈公曰:“成刑之徒不可更已!子不如敦处而笃行之,楚国无贵于举贤。”
- ^ 《資治通鑒.顯王三十五年》韓昭侯作高門,屈宜臼曰:「君必不出此門。何也?不時。吾所謂時者,非時日也。夫人固有利、不利時。往者君嘗利矣,不作高門。前年秦拔宜陽,今年旱,君不以此時恤民之急而顧益奢,此所謂時詘舉贏者也。故曰不時。」
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