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家燕

家燕
H. rustica
科学分类 编辑
界: 动物界 Animalia
门: 脊索动物门 Chordata
纲: 鸟纲 Aves
目: 雀形目 Passeriformes
科: 燕科 Hirundinidae
属: 燕属 Hirundo
种:
家燕 H. rustica
二名法
Hirundo rustica
  繁殖区
  定栖区
  过冬区
異名
  • Hirundo erythrogaster

家燕Hirundo rustica),又名拙燕,是燕科燕屬的一种鸟类,分布于世界各地。主要是候鳥,繁殖於全北界,過冬於舊熱帶界東洋界,在南極洲有迷鳥記錄[2]。家燕有着黑蓝色的羽毛和长而分叉的尾巴[3]。它会在人类的屋檐下衔泥筑巢,善於空中遊獵飛蟲與嘻戲,而又因以许多害虫为食而常在文学作品和民谣中以益鸟的形象出现。

特征

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身長15厘米,上体钢蓝色;胸偏红而具一道蓝色胸带,腹白;尾甚长且分岔深,近端处具白色点斑;虹膜為褐色;及脚為黑色;叫声為高音嘁嘁喳喳叫声。

分布

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遍及全球開闊地帶如草原、農地和水域周遭。亦是一種相當都市化的鳥類。繁殖於全北界的溫暖地區,過冬地則在熱帶亞洲美洲非洲。在台灣同時為冬候鳥、過境鳥與夏候鳥。[4]

家燕遷徙時會大量集結,形成大型群體。[5][6]一般在九月繁殖季結束後,便會從繁殖地踏上向南避冬的旅程。[7][8]

食物

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主要以等昆蟲为食。[8]常在空中來回移動捕食飛蟲。

繁殖

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家燕的卵

於屋簷、橋梁築巢,巢以泥土構成,成碗狀,在人造建築物較稀少的過去,家燕築巢於山洞、岩壁等地。[3]每年繁殖2窝,大多在5月至6月初和6月中旬至7月初。每窝产卵4~6枚。第二窝为2~5枚。卵乳白色。雌雄共同孵卵,14~15天幼鸟出壳,亲鸟共同饲喂。雏鸟约20天出飞,再喂5~6天,就可自己取食。

參考資料

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  1. ^ BirdLife International. Hirundo rustica. The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species 2012. [26 November 2013]. 
  2. ^ Korczak-Abshire, Małgorzata; Lees, Alexander; Jojczyk, Agata. First documented record of barn swallow (Hirundo rustica) in the Antarctic. Polish Polar Research. 2001, 32 (4): 355–360. doi:10.2478/v10183-011-0021-9可免费查阅. 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 Turner, Angela K; Rose, Chris. Swallows & Martins: An Identification Guide and Handbook. Boston: Houghton Mifflin. 1989. ISBN 0-395-51174-7.  p164–169
  4. ^ 台灣鳥類誌第2版中冊. 2012: 634. 
  5. ^ 阿蓮空中亂象 一瀉千里「燕氣啦」. 2021-09-24 [2022-08-04] (中文(臺灣)). 
  6. ^ 周宗禎. 家燕大集合 台南歸仁圓環奇景. 聯合報新聞網. 20210813T014308Z [2022-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2022-08-22) (中文(臺灣)). 
  7. ^ 家燕. 台灣大百科全書. [2022-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2016-05-26). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 陳柔聿. 景觀及微棲地尺度下的都市家燕巢位選擇 (碩士论文). 國立臺南大學. 2010. 
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家燕
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