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天鳳 (年號).
天凤(也作始建国天凤上戊、始建国天凤;14年-19年)是新朝皇帝王莽的第二个年号,共计6年。
陳直考证天凤年号有繁简区别。天凤是简称,还有始建国天凤、始建国天凤上戊是繁称。这三种年号的写法都有考古的文物资料可以佐证。而《中国历代年号考》则推测当时繁称是正式称呼,而《汉书》趋从简易,使得后人不知道有原来的繁称。
辛德勇考证,“始建国天凤”为年号的正式名称,出土资料均写作“始建国天凤”,且始建国天凤第一年不称“元年”而称“一年”,以“虚示不改元之义”。天凤六年春,王莽又将历名“上戊”缀于年号之后,且大多时候同时在年号前加国号“新”,形成“新始建国天凤上戊”的固定搭配。《汉书》作者班固依据个人习惯或当时社会称用年号的固有习惯,将“始建国天凤”省作“天凤”,后世因袭。[1]
与此年号相同的还有其后的地皇。
- ^ 辛德勇《所谓“天凤三年鄣郡都尉”砖铭文与秦“故鄣郡”的名称以及莽汉之际的年号问题》,原分上下两部分刊于《文史》2011年第1、2期,后收入氏著《建元与改元——西汉新莽年号研究》。
- 李崇智,《中国历代年号考》,中华书局,2004年12月 ISBN 7101025129
- 辛德勇,《建元与改元——西汉新莽年号研究》,中华书局,2013年7月 ISBN 9787101090185
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| 西汉 | 建元BC140-BC135 → 元光BC134-BC129 → 元朔BC128-BC123 → 元狩BC122-BC117 → 元鼎BC116-BC111 → 元封BC110-BC104 → 太初BC104-BC101 → 天漢BC100-BC97 → 太始BC96-BC93 → 征和BC92-BC89 → 後元BC88-BC87 → 始元BC86-BC80 → 元凤BC80-BC75 → 元平BC74 → 本始BC73-BC70 → 地节BC69-BC66 → 元康BC65-BC61 → 神爵BC61-BC58 → 五凤BC57-BC54 → 甘露BC53-BC50 → 黄龙BC49 → 初元BC48-BC44 → 永光BC43-BC39 → 建昭BC38-BC34 → 竟宁BC33 → 建始BC32-BC28 → 河平BC28-BC25 → 阳朔BC24-BC21 → 鸿嘉BC20-BC17 → 永始BC16-BC13 → 元延BC12-BC9 → 绥和BC8-BC7 → 建平BC6-BC5 → 太初元将BC5 → 建平BC5-BC3 → 元寿BC2-BC1 → 元始1-5 → 居摄6-8 → 初始8 |
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| 新朝 | |
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| 更始政權 | |
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| 东汉 | 建武25-56 → 建武中元56-57 → 永平58-75 → 建初76-84 → 元和84-87 → 章和87-88 → 永元89-105 → 元兴105 → 延平106 → 永初107-114 → 元初114-120 → 永宁120-121 → 建光121-122 → 延光122-125 → 永建126-132 → 阳嘉132-135 → 永和136-142 → 汉安142-144 → 建康144 → 永嘉145 → 本初146 → 建和147-149 → 和平150-151 → 元嘉151-153 → 永兴153-155 → 永寿155-158 → 延熹158-167 → 永康167-168 → 建宁168-172 → 熹平172-178 → 光和178-184 → 中平184-189 → 光熹189 → 昭宁189 → 永汉189 → 中平189 → 初平190-194 → 兴平194-196 → 建安196-220 → 延康220 |
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