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妺喜

妺喜
本名姓:喜
氏:有施
别名妺嬉、末喜、末嬉
活跃时期夏朝
知名于的寵妃
父母父:有施氏國君

(?—?),有施氏,又作妺嬉末喜末嬉姓或姓,有施氏國君之女,夏朝第十七位君主的寵妃。

史料記載

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根據《國語》記載,桀发动大军,攻打有施氏(位于今山东省蒙阴县)。有施氏國君献出牛羊、马匹、美女,還有自己的女兒妺喜,向桀求和。而妺喜受到桀的寵愛,種下夏朝滅亡的原因之一。[1]

竹書紀年》則提及妺喜早年與伊尹有交往,為伊尹派到夏朝王宮的間諜,促使夏朝滅亡,幫助建立商朝[2]

先秦的史料中,关于妺喜的记载并不明确。妺喜的形象是从《史记》开始才逐渐丰富起来,因此她的事迹很有可能是后人的假托。部分古籍稱,妺喜貌美,桀一見妺喜驚為天人,對她十分寵愛。她喜作男裝打扮,佩劍帶冠,參與朝政,在漢代人眼中是薄德的表現。桀常不顧禮法把妺喜放在膝上,並聽從她所言;亦因和妺喜纵情声色、恣意享樂,不理朝政。妺喜愛听撕裂绢帛的声音,桀為討好她,把大量絹帛撕碎[3][4],又造倾宫,筑瑶台,象廊,玉床。用玉石建造华贵的琼室,以此作为离宫。[5]

後世

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妺喜被視為红颜祸水的第一例证,其後又陆续出现商代妲己、周代褒姒。因此,当越王勾践范蠡西施献给吴王夫差的时候,伍子胥进言:“臣聞:亡以妺喜,亡以妲己亡以褒姒。夫美女者,亡国之物也,王不可受。”[6]

参考资料

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  1. ^ 國語·晋语一》:“昔夏桀伐有施,有施人以妺喜女焉;妺喜有宠,于是乎与伊尹比而亡夏。”
  2. ^ 《竹书纪年·夏纪》:“妺(末)喜氏,以与伊尹交,遂以间夏。”
  3. ^ 帝王世紀》:“日夜与妺喜及宫女饮酒,常置妺喜于膝上。妺喜好闻裂缯之声而笑,桀为发缯裂之,以顺适其意。”
  4. ^ 列女传》:“末喜者,夏桀之妃也。美于色,薄于德,乱孽无道,女子行丈夫心,佩剑带冠。桀既弃礼义,淫于妇人。置末喜于膝上,听用其言,昏乱失道,骄奢自恣……颂曰:末喜配桀,维乱骄扬。」
  5. ^ 《通鑑外紀》:“桀作瑤台,罷民力,殫民財。為酒池糟堤,縱靡靡之樂,一鼓而牛飲者三千人。”
  6. ^ 吳越春秋卷009
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妺喜
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