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央掘魔罗经.
央掘魔羅經(梵語:Aṅgulimālīya Sūtra),總共有四卷,由劉宋求那跋陀羅譯出,《大正藏》收錄〈阿含部〉之中[1],但其實是大乘經,在歷代大藏經中都收錄在〈大乘經單譯經〉、〈大乘經五大部外單譯經〉。內容敘述受邪教外道誤導,殺死九百九十九人以求得道的央掘魔羅改宗佛門之事蹟,藉以宣揚一切眾生皆有如來藏佛性的學說,屬於如來藏學派。
大乘佛教的央掘魔羅經與部派佛教的鴦掘摩經有同樣名稱,兩者歷史背景同為釋迦牟尼度化殺人魔央掘魔羅,但旨趣與情節不同。本經旨在宣揚一切眾生皆有如來藏佛性,佛法為一乘究竟教,其餘皆為方便法門。亦同於楞伽、涅槃等如來藏學派佛經,宣說戒殺斷肉。
現代考證
《央掘魔羅經》有多個版本,收入阿含經中的,屬早期部派佛教的誦本,求那跋陀羅的宋譯《央掘摩羅經》屬於大乘經,在如來藏學派興起初期傳出[2]。日本學者赤沼智善、稻荷日宣、高崎直道分別指出,這部求那跋陀羅譯的大乘《央掘魔羅經》,實是「將聲聞經的敘事材料大乘化的作品」。印順法師認為:將宋譯《央掘魔羅經》編入「阿含部」很不妥當[3],因其內容呵斥一切法空,說如來藏我、解脫身有色,與《阿含經》無關,應編入「經集部」。[4]
呂凱文教授認為,宋譯《央掘魔羅經》,除了經名、結構與部份的故事與聲聞版《央掘魔羅經》相似外,其經文旨趣則明顯為如來藏系思想,代表大乘佛教將聲聞佛經進行敘事轉換和挪用的典範移轉策略,並且《大正藏》將之編在「阿含部」並不恰當,應當與《大法鼓經》等類如來藏系經典編在一起[2]。
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