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太初 (西汉).
太初(前104年五月-前101年)是汉武帝的第七个年号。汉朝使用太初这个年号一共四年。
太初元年五月改曆,使用太初曆,以建寅之月为岁首(即农历正月)。此前的顓頊曆以建亥为岁首(即農曆十月)。因此太初元年前一年的十月到十二月也算在太初元年里,这一年共有15个月。[1][2]
- ^ 《漢書·武帝紀》:「〔太初元年〕夏五月,正曆,以正月為歲首。」
- ^ 《漢書·律曆志》:「至武帝元封七年,漢興百二歲矣,大中大夫公孫卿、壺遂、太史令司馬遷等言「曆紀壞廢,宜改正朔」。是時御史大夫兒寬明經術,上乃詔寬曰:「與博士共議,今宜何以為正朔?服色何上?」寬與博士賜等議,皆曰:「帝王必改正朔,易服色,所以明受命於天也。創業變改,制不相復,推傳序文,則今夏時也。臣等聞學褊陋,不能明。陛下躬聖發憤,昭配天地,臣愚以為三統之制,後聖復前聖者,二代在前也。今二代之統絕而不序矣,唯陛下發聖德,宣考天地四時之極,則順陰陽以定大明之制,為萬世則。」於是乃詔御史曰:「乃者有司言曆未定,廣延宣問,以考星度,未能讎也。蓋聞古者黃帝合而不死,名察發斂,定清濁,起五部,建氣物分數。然則上矣。書缺樂弛,朕甚難之。依違以惟,未能修明。其以七年為元年。」
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| 西汉 | 建元BC140-BC135 → 元光BC134-BC129 → 元朔BC128-BC123 → 元狩BC122-BC117 → 元鼎BC116-BC111 → 元封BC110-BC104 → 太初BC104-BC101 → 天漢BC100-BC97 → 太始BC96-BC93 → 征和BC92-BC89 → 後元BC88-BC87 → 始元BC86-BC80 → 元凤BC80-BC75 → 元平BC74 → 本始BC73-BC70 → 地节BC69-BC66 → 元康BC65-BC61 → 神爵BC61-BC58 → 五凤BC57-BC54 → 甘露BC53-BC50 → 黄龙BC49 → 初元BC48-BC44 → 永光BC43-BC39 → 建昭BC38-BC34 → 竟宁BC33 → 建始BC32-BC28 → 河平BC28-BC25 → 阳朔BC24-BC21 → 鸿嘉BC20-BC17 → 永始BC16-BC13 → 元延BC12-BC9 → 绥和BC8-BC7 → 建平BC6-BC5 → 太初元将BC5 → 建平BC5-BC3 → 元寿BC2-BC1 → 元始1-5 → 居摄6-8 → 初始8 |
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| 新朝 | |
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| 更始政權 | |
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| 东汉 | 建武25-56 → 建武中元56-57 → 永平58-75 → 建初76-84 → 元和84-87 → 章和87-88 → 永元89-105 → 元兴105 → 延平106 → 永初107-114 → 元初114-120 → 永宁120-121 → 建光121-122 → 延光122-125 → 永建126-132 → 阳嘉132-135 → 永和136-142 → 汉安142-144 → 建康144 → 永嘉145 → 本初146 → 建和147-149 → 和平150-151 → 元嘉151-153 → 永兴153-155 → 永寿155-158 → 延熹158-167 → 永康167-168 → 建宁168-172 → 熹平172-178 → 光和178-184 → 中平184-189 → 光熹189 → 昭宁189 → 永汉189 → 中平189 → 初平190-194 → 兴平194-196 → 建安196-220 → 延康220 |
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