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多格拉语

多格拉语
डोगरी ڈوگرىḍogrī
母语国家和地区印度巴基斯坦
区域贾姆穆卡图阿喜马偕尔邦古尔达斯普尔/帕坦科特旁遮普地区
族群多格拉人
母语使用人数
400万(1996–2001年)[1]
語系
文字多格拉文英语Dogri script波斯体
曾使用塔克里文古木基文
官方地位
作为官方语言 印度
語言代碼
ISO 639-2doi
ISO 639-3doi——囊括代码英语ISO 639 macrolanguage
各项代码:
dgo – 标准多格拉语
xnr – 坎格拉方言
Glottologindo1311[2]
多格拉语人口在印度和巴基斯坦的分布

多格拉语डोगरी / ڈوگری ‬),巴基斯坦常称为帕哈里语(पहाड़ी / پہاڑی‬),是印度-雅利安语支的语言,大约有500万人作为母语[3]。多格拉语分布于印度巴基斯坦,主要地区包括查谟-克什米尔喜马偕尔邦查谟地区,在北方的旁遮普地区和克什米尔的其他地区也有分布[4]。多格拉语的母语使用者被称为多格拉人,多格拉语的分布地区被称为杜加尔(Duggar)[5]。多格拉语曾被视为旁遮普语的一个方言[6]。和其他印欧语系语言不同,多格拉语是声调语言[7]

多格拉语有数种变体,它们之间的词汇相似度大于80%[8]。在升格为独立语言之前,多格拉语在印度人口普查中被划为旁遮普语的方言[9]

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ 多格拉语于《民族语》的链接(第18版,2015年)
    标准多格拉语于《民族语》的链接(第18版,2015年)
    坎格拉方言于《民族语》的链接(第18版,2015年)
  2. ^ Hammarström, Harald; Forkel, Robert; Haspelmath, Martin; Bank, Sebastian (编). Indo-Aryan Northern zone – Western Pahari. Glottolog 2.7. Jena: Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human History. 2016. 
  3. ^ Sharma, Sita Ram. Encyclopaedia of Teaching Languages in India, v. 20. Anmol Publications. 1992: 6. 
  4. ^ Billawaria, Anita K. History and Culture of Himalayan States, v.4. Light & Life Publishers. 1978. 
  5. ^ Narain, Lakshmi. An Introduction to Dogri Folk Literature and Pahari Art. Jammu and Kashmir Academy of Art, Culture and Languages. 1965. 
  6. ^ Masica, Colin P. The Indo-Aryan Languages. Cambridge University Press. 1993: 427. ISBN 0-521-29944-6. 
  7. ^ Ghai, Ved Kumari. Studies in Phonetics and Phonology: With Special Reference to Dogri. Ariana Publishing House. 1991. ISBN 81-85347-20-4. non-Dogri speakers, also trained phoneticians, tend to hear the difference as one of length only, perceiving the second syllable as stressed 
  8. ^ Brightbill, Jeremy D.; Turner, Scott B. A Sociolinguistic Survey of the Dogri Language, Jammu and Kashmir (PDF). SIL International. 2007 [2016-03-11]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2019-06-17). 
  9. ^ Social Mobilisation And Modern Society. [2018-08-25]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-04). 

书目

  • Gopal Haldar (2000). Languages of India. New Delhi: National Book Trust

外部链接

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多格拉语
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