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文人

文人儒家思想的類群概念,是指儒家文化圈傳統的知識分子,是具備一定文學修養的作家詩人,又稱為墨客读书人書生雅士等,當中“文人墨客”两个称谓常合并在一起。除了知識學問外,文人還兼有藝術修養,如琴棋書畫等。

與文人相對的概念是武人

價值觀

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受孔孟思想影響,中國傳統文人通常以「仁義」為先,並且「學而優則仕」,故此文人的理想是當士大夫),終極目標是「位極人臣」,成為「一人之下,萬人之上」的宰相;而「不為良相,願為良醫」出自宋代范仲淹,意思是即使不能救國,至少也應成為大夫救人[1]

至於少數學者派文人,則希望成為聖人(「希聖」或「成聖」);例如北宋儒學家張載名言:「為天地立心,為生民立命,為往聖繼絕學,為萬世開太平」。

負面評價

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清初顾炎武厌恶“文人”,常引宋人刘挚之言:“士当以器识为先,一号为文人,无足观矣。”

参考文献

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  1. ^ (中国)李具双. 品掌故 话中医. 北京:中国中医药出版社. 2019.06: 18. ISBN 978-7-5132-5539-4. 

參見

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文人
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