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塞馬湖

塞馬湖
坐标61°15′N 28°15′E / 61.250°N 28.250°E / 61.250; 28.250
湖泊类型淡水湖
主要流出沃克西河塞马运河
所在国家芬兰
表面积4,400平方公里[1]
平均深度17米
最大深度82米
水体体积36立方千米
岸长114850公里[1]
表面海拔76米
岛屿5484[2]
定居点 芬兰約恩蘇拉彭蘭塔伊馬特拉萨翁林纳米凱利
1岸长衡量标准不定。

塞馬湖芬蘭語Saimaa)是芬蘭最大的湖泊,也是歐洲第四大自然淡水湖泊,位於芬蘭的东南部。它是在大冰期后期由冰川溶化而形成的。湖岸边的主要城市有拉彭蘭塔伊馬特拉萨翁林纳米凱利瓦尔考斯約恩蘇沃克西河从塞马湖流出并注入到拉多加湖。湖面上岛屿众多,狭窄的水道链接着湖泊的众多部分,每个部分有着自己的名字。由此,塞马湖体现了芬兰所有主要湖泊类型,并且水体富营养化程度不一。

拉彭蘭塔维堡塞马运河连接着塞马湖和芬兰湾。其它一些运河把塞马湖和芬兰东部的小型湖泊连在一起,并形成一套水道网络。这些水道主要用于运输木材、矿物、金属原材料、木浆和其它货物,但是游客也会使用这些水道。

塞馬湖也是世界上三種淡水海豹之一塞馬環斑海豹的唯一棲息地。生活在塞马湖的另一个濒危物种是塞马鲑鱼[3]

参见

参考文献

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 Suur-Saimaa. Järviseutu. [2017-10-25]. (原始内容存档于2018-12-01) (芬兰语). 
  2. ^ Saimaa. Järviwiki. 2015-08-28 [2017-10-25]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-24) (芬兰语). 
  3. ^ McClane, A.J. Fishing: The Missing Link. Field & Stream. 1973年4月, LXXVII (12): 144 [2017-10-25] (英语). 

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塞馬湖
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