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國子司業

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司業,又名國子司業中國古代官職,即國子監的副校長。

晋武帝咸宁四年(278年)﹐首次設立国子学﹐置国子祭酒博士各一员﹐掌教导诸生。隋文帝大業三年(607年)始置司業一職,取《禮記》“乐正司业”之义,谓之主管世子学业教育。[1]为国子监的副长官,员额一人。唐朝貞觀六年復設司業,员额二人,从四品下。唐高宗龙朔二年(662年)改名少司成,咸亨元年(670年)恢复旧稱。北宋初年承五代后周之制﹐设立国子监﹐招收七品以上官员子弟为学生。配置司業一人,正六品。金朝配額一人,升为正五品。元朝配額二人,仍为正五品。明朝配額一人,改为正六品。

清朝

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清朝,配置於朝廷之輔助部門,名額共三人,满、蒙、汉各一人。品等為正六品,主要從事教學考試官學等事務。光绪三十三年(1907年)﹐并归学部。清亡之後,該官職永遠廢除。

注釋

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  1. ^ 《禮記·文王世子》:“樂正司業,父師司成。”鄭玄注:“司,主也。”孔穎達疏:“司是職司,故為主。謂樂正主太子《詩》、《書》之業。”

參考文獻

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  • 孫文良,《中國官制史》,1993年,台北,文津出版社。
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國子司業
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