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單層柱狀上皮

單層柱狀上皮細胞
的小腸微絨毛的橫截面。X 80. (單層柱狀上皮細胞被標記在右邊,從上面數下來第三個。)
人類腸道絨毛的橫截面。X 350.
a. 基底膜,有些萎縮的上皮。
b. 乳麋管.
c. 柱狀上皮
d.條紋邊界
e. 杯狀細胞.
f. 位於上皮的白細胞
f’ 低於上皮的白細胞
g. 血管.
h. 肌肉細胞
标识字符
THH2.00.02.0.02020
FMAFMA:45567
解剖學術語

單層柱狀上皮與單層立方上皮類似,只不過細胞高度較高,且在與基底膜成直角的切面排列。細胞的高度由矮柱狀至高柱狀不等、乃決定於其所在的位置和/或功能活性的程度。細胞核爲長條狀,通常位在底部、中央或有時位頂端,此即所謂的極性。單層柱狀上皮最常出現在具高度吸收作用的表面,如小腸中,許多稱做微絨毛的微小指狀突,其可大舉增加吸收界面處的表面積。但它也會構成具高度分泌作用的表面內襯,如在中。

單層纖毛柱狀上皮

傳統上將這類的單層柱狀上皮獨立出來描述,因爲絕大部份這種細胞的表面上都具有稱做纖毛的特化構造。在纖毛細胞之間散佈著無纖毛細胞,它們通常具有分泌的功能。

纖毛比微絨毛長許多,所以在光學顯微鏡下可以看得見。每根纖毛是由細胞膜的指狀突起所構成,而其細胞質內含有特化之運動性細胞骨架。每個細胞可能具有多達300根纖毛,當許多細胞的纖毛同時作用時,便產生類似波浪的運動而將液體或小顆粒推過上皮的表面。單層纖毛柱狀上皮在人類很少見,只出現在氣管、副鼻竇、脊髓中央管、輸卵管、子宮當中。

輸卵管是被單層纖毛柱狀上皮覆蓋的許多皺褶中的一個。其中數量最多的細胞是高柱狀具纖毛的細胞,其長形的細胞核位在細胞靠近管腔的表面。數量較少、被染成藍色的細胞具有位細胞核,其不具有纖毛且具分泌功能。纖毛的作用可使卵由卵巢往子宮的方向移動。

其他圖片

參考文獻

參考書目

B.YOUNG / J.W.HEATH著 WHEATER'S functional Histology a text and colour atlas 2000年。

外部連結

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單層柱狀上皮
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