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單向玻璃

單向玻璃(又叫雙面鏡[1]雙向鏡[1])為一種玻璃,光線可於其中一方向穿透它,但以另一方向行進的光線則會被反射。此特性取決於玻璃兩面的光照強度,光線微弱的一方可以看到光線充足的一方,但光線充足的一方只能看到自己。[2]

設計

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鍍上不同厚度的鋁後,玻璃展出不同的光學特性

單向玻璃1903年在美國得到專利,初時被稱為「透明鏡」。[3][4]

單向玻璃的一面或其中會鍍上一層很薄的金屬,通常是,這能使大部分的光線穿透,小部分反射。此時光線的反射是對等的。但若兩邊的光照相差夠大,光照強的一方所看到的反射光遠強於他能看到的穿透光,而光照弱的一方所看到的穿透光遠強於他能看到的反射光,因此他們就像只能看到其中一方的影像般。

用途

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提字器也運用了單向玻璃(4)的原理

單向玻璃有以下用途:

分光鏡半透明反光鏡皆運用了相同原理,但它們則着重於其光學儀器之用途。此外,一種部分為單向玻璃的元件是法布立-培若干涉儀的元件之一。

另見

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參考

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 记者实测:点镜子验证镜后偷窥不全管用. [2016-11-29]. (原始内容存档于2016-11-29). 
  2. ^ Two-Way Mirrors. Jimloy.com. 1999 [2010-11-06]. (原始内容存档于2012-06-11). 
  3. ^ The History of Mirrors. About.com. [2015-04-22]. (原始内容存档于2020-06-10). 
  4. ^ US patent 720877,Emil Bloch,「one way mirror」,发表于1903-02-17,指定于Emil Bloch 
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單向玻璃
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