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伯阳父.
伯陽父(?—?),又稱伯陽甫、史伯,為周宣王、周幽王时期的太史,西周末年哲學家。周幽王二年(前780年)發生地震,史載「三川竭,岐山崩」。伯陽父認為「山崩川竭,亡之徵也」,幽王八年,伯阳父告诫郑桓公西周将亡而应到东方谋一条生路,其後便退隱,不久西周便滅亡。
现存文献中对史伯的记载较为简略,只知道其认为地震是自然界“阴阳不合”后冲突下的产物,并提出了“和实生物,同则不继”的命题,认为事物只有多元化发展才可能自然延续,一元化的专制必然走向灭亡。清华简《良臣》有提及“鄭桓公與周之遺老:史全(伯)、宦中(仲)、虢叔、土(杜)白(伯),後出邦。”
宋代《博古图》载录的史伯硕父鼎,被当时的金石学家认为其中的史伯硕父就是史伯本人。[1]1975年2月在陕西省岐山县董家村出土的训匜,所刻金文是中国现存最早的法律判决文书,其中的法官“伯扬父”被不少学者认为就是《国语》中的伯阳父本人。
由于《史记·老子韩非列传》和其他传世文献对老子其人的记载非常模糊,从东汉创立道教开始,就有许多人怀疑史伯才是真正的老子,正是他“见周之衰”,其哲学思想风格与《道德经》的作者有惊人的一致性。[2][3][4][5][6][7][8]
- 《国语·周语上》
- 《国语·郑语》
- 《史记·周本纪》
- 《史记·郑世家》
- ^ 徐元诰《国语集解》引《东观余论》云:“周史伯硕父鼎,说云:史伯,周宣王臣,名颖,硕父其字也。”
- ^ 《史记•周本纪•集解》引唐固曰:“伯阳父,周柱下史老子也。”
- ^ 边韶《老子铭》:“老子姓李,字伯阳,……当幽王时,三川实震,以夏、殷之季,阴阳之事,鉴喻时王”
- ^ 寇谦之《太上老君戒经》:老君西游,将之天竺。周幽王之末也。
- ^ 成玄英《老子道德经义疏》:解者多云(老子)幽王时出关。
- ^ 修和《老子成书于烽火戏诸侯的历史背景通考》
- ^ 修和《老子是伯阳父》
- ^ 张立鸿《论见周之衰的老子是伯阳甫》
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