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反基督 (書籍)

反基督》(德語:Der Antichrist,或譯敌基督)是德國哲學家尼采所著的一本哲學書籍,完成於1888年,但卻於1895年才出版。此書共有62節,

內容如書名所示,是一部批判基督教的作品。作者在此書中一再強調基督教是墮落的宗教、是災禍。

尼采指出基督教第一個基本觀念是“罪”——生理的和道德的罪。牧師和神父是生命價值的偽騙者,他們把自然的、本能的、以及原始的,均視為罪惡!但是牧師和神父卻稱卑怯的,無生氣,沒有血性的這些為美德。他們輕視驅體生命,而膜拜無聲無息的影子 (Bloodless Shadows)。這也是對人與生命的悲觀意念。

第二個基本觀念是“愛”。基督徒他們認為“愛是憐憫”,並將其視之為道德的普通原則。然而尼采批評說生命是戰鬥的,進取的。只有戰鬥和進取才能提昇生命,但是基督教所謂的愛卻違反這些自然的傾向。

第三個基本觀念為“遺棄世界”。尼采批評基督徒想從這世界中遁逃開,而乞求一個幻想的來世,為此而使我們忘記存在的責任。而這對大自然是一種忘恩負義的態度,尼采認為人類是大自然的產物,人類的腳踏在大自然的境地上,大自然要人類做一個鬥士,做一個創造者,但是基督教卻剝奪人類奮鬥的興趣以及創适的欲望,要人類成為虛構上帝的奴隸,而使人類放棄作為這個真實自己的主人。

尼采最後總結說基督教是奴隸道德的變形,它基於抗外在世界的“怨恨”上,並乞援於憐憫的賜予。

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反基督 (書籍)
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