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二膦

一个典型的二膦配体:Xantphos

二膦Diphosphines),是无机化学有机金属化学中常用作配体有机磷化合物。通常情况下,它们被认定分子骨架由连接一起的两个膦基组成,而该膦基通常具螯合能力。[1]少数情况下,二膦会由于空间位阻的原因而失去螯合能力。[2]

合成

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通常广泛使用的二膦配体都具有通式:。这些化合物可通过(X=卤素)和化合物(Y=碱金属)反应制备:[3]

二膦配体还可通过其他方法制备,如:二锂化试剂和氯代膦反应;或二级膦和乙烯基膦发生加成反应。


链长和配位属性

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短链的二膦分子dppm可促进金属-金属相互作用(参见A-框架络合物)。当時两个膦取代基是由2-4碳原子中心连接而成,则得到的配体通常和单个金属原子鳌合成环。最常用的二膦配体为1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷,它可与大多数金属原子形成五元鳌合环。

一些二膦,如tBu2P(CH2)10PtBu2可与金属原子形成高达72原子的大环。[4]

常用配体

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常用的二膦配体列表如下:[5]

简写 通用名 IUPAC名(英文,不常用)
dppm 1,1-双(二苯基膦)甲烷 Methylenebis(diphenylphosphane)
dmpe 1,2-双(二甲基膦)乙烷 Ethane-1,2-diylbis(dimethylphosphane)
dippe 1,2-双(二异丙基膦)乙烷 Ethane-1,2-diylbis(di(propan-2-yl)phosphane)
dppe 1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷 Ethane-1,2-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
DIPAMP 1,2-双((2-甲氧基苯基)苯基膦基)乙烷 Ethane-1,2-diylbis[(2-methoxyphenyl)phenylphosphane]
dppp 1,3-双(二苯基膦)丙烷 Propane-1,3-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
dppb 1,4-双(二苯基膦)丁烷 Butane-1,4-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
Chiraphos 2,3-双(二苯基膦)丁烷 Butane-2,3-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
BINAP 2,2'-双(二苯基膦)-1,1'-联萘 1,1'-Binaphthalene-2,2'-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
Xantphos 4,5-双二苯基膦-9,9-二甲基氧杂蒽 9,9-Dimethyl-9H-xanthene-4,5-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
SPANphos 4,4,4',4',6,6'-Hexamethyl-2,2'-spirobichromane-8,8'-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
SEGPHOS 4,4'-Bi-1,3-benzodioxole-5,5'-diylbis(diphenylphosphane)
dppf 1,1'-双(二苯基膦)二茂铁
Me-DuPhos 1,2-双((2S,5S)-2,5-二甲基磷烷)苯 1,2-Phenylenebis(2,5-dimethylphospholane)

参考文献

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  1. ^ Hartwig, J. F. Organotransition Metal Chemistry, from Bonding to Catalysis; University Science Books: New York, 2010. ISBN 189138953X
  2. ^ Zong, J., J. T. Mague, C. M. Kraml, and R. A. Pascal, Jr., A Congested in,in-Diphosphine, Org. Lett. 2013, 15, 2179-2181. DOI: 10.1021/ol400728m
  3. ^ Wilkinson, G.; Gillard, R.; McCleverty, J. Comprehensive Coordination Chemistry: The synthesis, reactions, properties & applications of coordination compounds, vol.2.; Pergamon Press: Oxford, UK, 1987; p. 993. ISBN 0-08-035945-0
  4. ^ Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text, 4th ed.; Wiley-Interscience Publications: New York, NY, 1980; p.246. ISBN 0-471-02775-8
  5. ^ 存档副本 (PDF). [2011-05-06]. (原始内容存档 (PDF)于2016-03-03). 
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二膦
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