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1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷

1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷
IUPAC名
乙烷-1,2-双(二苯基膦)
别名 Diphos
Dppe
识别
CAS号 1663-45-2  checkY
ChemSpider 66873
SMILES
 
  • P(c1ccccc1)(c2ccccc2)CCP(c3ccccc3)c4ccccc4
InChI
 
  • 1/C26H24P2/c1-5-13-23(14-6-1)27(24-15-7-2-8-16-24)21-22-28(25-17-9-3-10-18-25)26-19-11-4-12-20-26/h1-20H,21-22H2
InChIKey QFMZQPDHXULLKC-UHFFFAOYAX
ChEBI 30669
性质
化学式 C26H24P2
摩尔质量 398.42 g·mol⁻¹
熔点 140-142 °C
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷(英語:1,2-Bis(diphenylphosphino)ethane,缩写:dppe)是一种属于二膦有机化合物,在有机金属化学配位化学中常用作双齿配体。其配合物多为螯合物,但偶尔也能形成单齿(如W(CO)5(dppe))或桥联的配合物。[1]

制备

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制备dppe可通过NaPPh2烷基化进行,而制备NaPPh2通常可从三苯基膦(P(C6H5)3)如下制备:[2][3]

P(C6H5)3 + 2 Na → NaP(C6H5)2 + NaC6H5

NaP(C6H5)2 得到的有机膦钠化合物在空气中易于氧化,可继续与1,2-二氯乙烷(ClCH2CH2Cl)反应得到dppe:

2 NaP(C6H5)2 + ClCH2CH2Cl → (C6H5)2PCH2CH2P(C6H5)2 + 2 NaCl

反应

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还原反应

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据报道,可使用还原dppe得到PhHP(CH2)2PHPh。[4]

Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2 + 4 Li → PhLiP(CH2)2PLiPh + 2 PhLi

与水dppe发生水解反应:

PhLiP(CH2)2PLiPh + 2 PhLi + 4H2O → PhHP(CH2)2PHPh + 4 LiOH + 2C6H6

氧化反应

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使用常规氧化剂〔如过氧化氢(H2O2)或素(Br2)等〕处理dppe,通常得到dppeO的收率很低(如13%收率),这是由于反应的非选择性而最后得到:原料、单氧化物和双氧化物的混合产物。[5] 使用PhCH2Br与dppe发生选择性的单氧化反应则可较高收率的得到dppeO。

Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2 + PhCH2Br → Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2(CH2Ph)+Br-

继而进行纯化得到单-鏻盐[需要解释],并进行碱催化的水解反应

Ph2P(CH2)2PPh2(CH2Ph)+Br- + NaOH + H2O → Ph2P(CH2)2P(O)Ph2

配位化学

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[PdCl2(dppe)]的球棍模型

dppe与相关二膦配体形成的金属配合物,在各类化学反应中大多用于均相催化剂。常用的两种dppe配位络合物为:Pd(dppe)2和Ir(dppe)2。Pd(dppe)2可通过Pd(II)和NaBH4发生还原反应得到,但原位从乙酸钯(II)制备是最简便的方法。[5]

参见

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Cotton, F.A.; Wilkinson, G. Advanced Inorganic Chemistry: A Comprehensive Text, 4th ed.; Wiley-Interscience Publications: New York, NY, 1980; p.246. ISBN 0-471-02775-8
  2. ^ W. Hewertson and H. R. Watson. 283. The preparation of di- and tri-tertiary phosphines. J. Chem. Soc. 1962: 1490–1494. doi:10.1039/JR9620001490. 
  3. ^ Girolami, G.; Rauchfuss, T.; Angelici, R. Synthesis and Technique in Inorganic Chemistry, 3rd ed.; University Science Books: Sausalito, CA, 1999; pp. 85-92. ISBN 0-935702-48-2
  4. ^ Dogan, J.; Schulte, J.B.; Swiegers, G.F.; Wild, S.B. Mechanism of Phosphorus-Carbon Bond Cleavage by Lithium in Tertiary Phosphines. An Optimized Synthesis of 1, 2-Bis (phenylphosphino) ethane. J. Org. Chem. 2000, 65 (4): 951–957. doi:10.1021/jo9907336. 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis 2001 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd
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1,2-双(二苯基膦)乙烷
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