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卤酸盐.
卤酸盐是指卤素的含氧酸盐,包含次卤酸盐(XO-)、亚卤酸盐(XO2-)、卤酸盐(XO3-)和高卤酸盐(XO4-)。狭义上,卤酸盐特指含+5价卤素的含氧酸盐。
卤素所存在的含氧酸如下表:[1]
卤原子价态 |
氟的含氧酸 |
氯的含氧酸 |
溴的含氧酸 |
碘的含氧酸 |
砹的含氧酸
|
-1 |
HOF |
|
|
|
|
+1 |
|
HOCl |
HOBr |
HOI |
|
+3 |
|
HClO2 |
HBrO2 |
HIO2 |
|
+5 |
|
HClO3 |
HBrO3 |
HIO3 |
HAtO3
|
+7 |
|
HClO4 |
HBrO4 |
HIO4 H7I5O14 H5IO6 |
H5AtO6[可疑]
|
其中,HIO3和H5IO6都可以形成酸式盐。
卤素的含氧酸根离子都是无色的。其中氯酸盐和高氯酸盐在水中都有很好的溶解度,过渡金属盐类通常易潮解。而碘酸盐的溶解度较差。
卤素的含氧酸盐都具有强氧化性,它们所对应的酸在热力学上没有所对应的盐稳定。
卤酸钡和硫酸反应,可以得到相应的含氧酸:
- Ba(XOn)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4↓ + 2 HXOn
- ^ 《无机化学丛书》第六卷 卤素 铜分族 锌分族. P290. 2.6.4 卤素含氧酸及其盐
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