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卤酸盐

卤酸盐是指卤素的含氧酸盐,包含次卤酸盐(XO-)、亚卤酸盐(XO2-)、卤酸盐(XO3-)和高卤酸盐(XO4-)。狭义上,卤酸盐特指含+5价卤素的含氧酸盐。

卤素所存在的含氧酸如下表:[1]

卤原子价态 的含氧酸 的含氧酸 的含氧酸 的含氧酸 的含氧酸
-1 HOF
+1 HOCl HOBr HOI
+3 HClO2 HBrO2 HIO2
+5 HClO3 HBrO3 HIO3 HAtO3
+7 HClO4 HBrO4 HIO4
H7I5O14
H5IO6
H5AtO6[可疑]

其中,HIO3和H5IO6都可以形成酸式盐

物理性质

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卤素的含氧酸根离子都是无色的。其中氯酸盐高氯酸盐在水中都有很好的溶解度,过渡金属盐类通常易潮解。而碘酸盐的溶解度较差。

化学性质

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卤素的含氧酸盐都具有强氧化性,它们所对应的酸在热力学上没有所对应的盐稳定。

卤酸钡和硫酸反应,可以得到相应的含氧酸:

Ba(XOn)2 + H2SO4 → BaSO4↓ + 2 HXOn

应用

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参考文献

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  1. ^ 《无机化学丛书》第六卷 卤素 铜分族 锌分族. P290. 2.6.4 卤素含氧酸及其盐
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卤酸盐
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