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北道派.
北道派(梵語:Uttrāpathaka),是佛教部派之一,在南傳《論事》的覺音註釋中,將一些觀點指出為這個部派所執。它是印度北道的佛教部派,其起源不詳,歷來有許多說法,有來自大眾部,或上座部等不同的傳說。北道派曾提出許多創新的見解,例如在家阿羅漢、真如等,這些見解有許多成為大乘佛教的教義。
北道派主張諸法的如性(tathatā)即自性屬無為法,在學術界中把它認定為最早提出真如學說的學派[1],印順法師進而解說為北道派主張「現在實有而是無為」[2]。
印順法師認為,北道派可能就是《部執異論》中提到的北山住部。但是北山住部的梵文名為Uttaraśaila,與北道派不同。
- ^ 演培譯,木村泰賢著《小乘佛教思想論》第一章第四節〈形而上學的實在論的傾向〉:「然從佛教的立場說,世間偶然的東西,一樣也沒有,一切必是由於一定的規律而被規定,所以如極尅實的說,一切法的根底,終於不得不說有他的無為法。在這意義下,案達羅派及北道派,主張一切法在性質上,都是決定的,尤其北道派,到達所謂真如這觀念,主張諸法的真如是無為。於此所謂無為,據註者說,是sabhavata,指相當於種或類的觀念。如松是松,人是人,是就名為松的真如,人的真如。在小乘教諸派中,把真如用於這意義的,北道派是唯一的學派。」
- ^ 印順《初期大乘佛教之起源與開展》:「《大毘婆沙論》有一值得注意的傳說:「有說:過去、未來無實體性,現在雖有而是無為」。這是現在有說,應屬於大眾、分別說系。說現在有而是無為的,似乎非常特殊!從大眾部分化出的北道派說:色等(有為)法的自性(svabhāva),是真如、無為。這正是「現在實有而是無為」;無為是有為的自性,如如不異,依自性而起用,有生有滅,才是有為。這與說轉部的根本蘊是常,同一意義,不同的是三世有與現在有而已。」
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