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劉體純

劉體純(?—1662年),一作體仁,又名二虎,陕西砖坪滔河口人。明末農民軍將領。

劉體純有兄弟七人,他排行为二。崇祯十二年(1639)五月,刘洪、刘二虎在蔺河街聚众起义,将刘二贡家谷米赈济灾民。後來成為李自成部下,素骁勇,有方略,[1]大顺军建立政权,任「果毅將軍」。李自成死後,與郝永忠(郝搖旗)等大順軍餘部聯明抗清,退到湖北興山縣茅麓山區,據險而守,與李來亨、郝摇旗、袁崇第等號稱夔東十三家[2]刘体纯領數万之众扎营在巴东沿渡河附近的陈家坡。

康熙二年(1662年)十二月冬,清軍集合川、陝、鄂三地區兵力,師駐奉節,分三路圍剿川東夔東,戰事異常慘烈。[3]清軍攻佔巫山城,郝永忠、劉體純等集結眾兵,欲奪回巫山城,不克,退至羊耳山(今奇峰鄉)。清軍大兵圍攻羊耳山。劉體純等率眾反擊,激戰數日,雙方死傷甚眾。定西將軍圖海以各個擊破,攻入茅麓山(今湖北興山西北)。十二月二十三日清兵逼近陳家坡,劉體純的部下吳之奇、王加玉、李之翠、劉應昌、胡君貴等先後降清。[4]劉體純败走天池寨,清军再追夺老木崆隘口。體純見大勢已去,全家自縊死。

體純生前“頗知愛民”,當地百姓聞訊為之落淚。四川总督李國英为收买民心,下令安葬。[5]

注釋

[编辑]
  1. ^ 光绪六年《巴东县志》卷十四《事变志·寇乱》。
  2. ^ 民国《湖北通志》载:“李自成既死于通城,其从孙李来亨与陕人刘体纯由粤西入楚,屠毒惨烈,为闯、献之续。其党郝摇旗、袁宗弟、笪天保、马腾云、党守素、何无笼、牛万才、贺珍、王进才等各自雄长,不相统属,号十三家,出入巴、渠、巫、施间。”
  3. ^ 昭梿《嘯亭雜錄》卷八《茅麓山》:“康熙初,命图文襄公海为督师,同川督李公国英、护军统领穆公里玛率三省兵会剿。诸将皆于层岩陡壁间,草衣卉服,攀援荆葛而进,逾年始荡平其巢穴。故今京师中谚语有其事险难者,则曰:‘又上茅麓山耶!’则当日之形势可知矣。”
  4. ^ 《李勤襄公撫督秦蜀奏議》卷二十二
  5. ^ 光绪六年《巴东县志》卷十四《事变志·寇乱》。
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劉體純
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