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内淋巴

内淋巴
耳蜗横截面。内淋巴位于蜗管(scala media)中。
半规管的横截面。其中内淋巴位于深蓝色区域。
标识字符
拉丁文endolympha
MeSHD004710
TA98A15.3.03.061
TA26997
FMAFMA:61112
格雷氏p.1051
解剖學術語

内淋巴(英文:Endolymph),是内耳中的一种液体,存在于膜迷路[1][2]。内淋巴与外淋巴相对应,但不直接接触[1]。内淋巴中的主要阳离子钾离子钠离子和钾离子的浓度分别为0.91mM、154mM[1][3]。内淋巴液又称“斯卡帕液(Scarpa's fluid)”,以纪念意大利解剖学家安东尼奥·斯卡帕[4][5]

结构

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内耳的核心部分为骨迷路,由耳蜗前庭系统组成。骨迷路内有膜迷路,膜迷路中含有内淋巴;而外淋巴包裹膜迷路,介于骨迷路与膜迷路之间,起保护作用[6][7]

成分及功能

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外淋巴和内淋巴液中特有的离子成分可调节听觉毛细胞的电化学冲动。内淋巴液比周围的液体电势要高,其中比外淋巴液的电势高出80-90毫伏,这是因为内淋巴液含有更高浓度的钾离子而外淋巴液含有更高浓度的钠离子,这被称为耳蜗内电位英语Endocochlear potential[8][9][10]

内淋巴高浓度的钾离子由耳蜗血管纹英语Stria vascularis of cochlear duct分泌,可以形成毛细胞中的去极化电流,这被称为“机电转导(mechano-electric transduction)”电流[1]。内淋巴中的高电势使得钾离子可以在“毛束”机械刺激过程中进入毛细胞中[1]

临床

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对内淋巴液的不规则扰动可导致晕动病,譬如持续转圈或在崎岖路上行车[11]

此外,有研究认为梅尼埃病是内耳的内淋巴、外淋巴单向流动受阻造成[8][12][13]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Casale, Jarett; Agarwal, Amit. Anatomy, Head and Neck, Ear Endolymph. StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. 2021 [2021-03-11]. PMID 30285400. (原始内容存档于2022-02-18). 
  2. ^ Endolymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-05-27) (英语). 
  3. ^ Bosher, S. K.; Warren, R. L.; Hallpike, Charles Skinner. Observations on the electrochemistry of the cochlear endolymph of the rat: a quantitative study of its electrical potential and ionic composition as determined by means of flame spectrophotometry. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London. Series B. Biological Sciences. 1968-11-05, 171 (1023): 227–247 [2021-03-11]. doi:10.1098/rspb.1968.0066. (原始内容存档于2019-10-24). 
  4. ^ Grzybowski, Andrzej; Sak, Jarosław. Antonio Scarpa (1752–1832). Journal of Neurology. 2013, 260 (2): 695–696 [2021-03-12]. ISSN 0340-5354. PMC 3566389可免费查阅. PMID 22926229. doi:10.1007/s00415-012-6658-4. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11). 
  5. ^ Endolymph. IMAIOS. [2021-03-12] (英语). 
  6. ^ Membranous Labyrinth - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] (英语). 
  7. ^ Hacking, Craig. Membranous labyrinth | Radiology Reference Article | Radiopaedia.org. Radiopaedia. [2021-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-29) (美国英语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Endolymph and Perilymph - an overview. Science Direct. [2021-03-11] (英语). 
  9. ^ Konishi T, Hamrick PE, Walsh PJ. Ion transport in guinea pig cochlea. I. Potassium and sodium transport. Acta Otolaryngol. 1978, 86 (1–2): 22–34. PMID 696294. doi:10.3109/00016487809124717. 
  10. ^ Wangemann, Philine. Supporting sensory transduction: cochlear fluid homeostasis and the endocochlear potential. The Journal of Physiology. 2006-10-01, 576 (Pt 1): 11–21. ISSN 0022-3751. PMC 1995626可免费查阅. PMID 16857713. doi:10.1113/jphysiol.2006.112888. 
  11. ^ How does the dizzying motion after-effect (from spinning on a swing) affect hand-eye coordination?. UCSB. [2021-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2020-09-23). 
  12. ^ Cureoglu, Sebahattin; da Costa Monsanto, Rafael; Paparella, Michael M. Histopathology of Meniere’s disease. Operative techniques in otolaryngology--head and neck surgery. 2016-12, 27 (4): 194–204. ISSN 1043-1810. PMC 5344024可免费查阅. PMID 28286401. doi:10.1016/j.otot.2016.10.003. 
  13. ^ Meniere's disease - Symptoms and causes. Mayo Clinic. [2021-03-11]. (原始内容存档于2013-05-30) (英语). 
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内淋巴
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