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六塵.
六塵,佛教用語及常見的名詞,就是我們眼睛所看到的景像(稱為色塵)、耳朵所聽到的聲音(稱為聲塵)、鼻子聞到的香味和臭味等等(稱為香塵)、舌頭嘗到的酸甜苦辣味等(稱為味塵)、身體所摸到的軟硬冷熱觸感等(稱為觸塵),及意根所接觸到的覺受譬如漂亮或醜惡等(稱為法塵)。
「塵」就是塵垢,具有染污的意思。六塵有內六塵、外六塵之分。吾人之眼、耳、鼻、舌等六根相應於六塵而升起六識,就因為這六識而讓人昇起種種分別想,譬如「喜愛這、不喜歡那」等,而生起「貪、瞋、痴」三毒,此「三毒」能害善根,損減功德,終致纏縛於生死苦海,故六塵又名六大賊。[1][2]
- 色塵:眼睛所看到的「青、黃、赤、白」色、煙雲塵霧、長短方圓、光影明暗、物品的麤細、土地的高低平整與不平整等,眼根接觸到色塵就會生起生眼識。[3]
- 聲塵:一切語言音聲,包括風雷鐘鼓聲、你聽了覺得喜歡或不喜歡的聲音、唱歌吟詠以及男女所發出的聲音等,耳根接觸到聲塵就會生起耳識。[4]
- 香塵:好的香味、不好的香味(臭味)、聞起來對人類無害的香味如中藥或青草藥味、檀香沉香的香味(名:俱生香)、混雜多種香料的香味(名:和合香)、食物變酸後的臭酸味(名:變易香)等,鼻根接觸到香塵就會生起鼻識。[5]
- 味塵:苦酸甘辛味、醎味淡味任何喜歡或不喜歡的味道、非好非惡的味道、水果天然的味道、混合多種食物產生的味道如調酒之味、食物酸變的異味等等,舌根接觸到味塵就會生起舌識。[6]
- 觸塵:身體或四肢接觸的土地、水、火、風,輕物重物澀滑之物、冷熱硬輭物,以及饑惡口渴悶熱痛癢等,身根(身體)接觸到觸塵(外界環境或物品)等就會生起身識。[7]
- 法塵:色、聲、香、味、觸等五塵諸法所顯示之種種法相,譬如風景、好聽的音樂、玉蘭花香、食物、絲製衣物的質感等,都稱為法塵,意根接觸到這些法塵就會生起意識,再由意識去領納與分別:風景美不美、音樂好不好聽、喜或不喜歡這種花香…。[8]
- ^ 《大乘本生心地觀經》卷3:「我處三界火宅中,妄染六塵無救護。」
- ^ 《大般涅槃經》卷23
- ^ 《大乘本生心地觀經淺註》卷7:「諸色法是眼根所對之塵。」
- ^ 《維摩經無我疏》卷11:「音聲語言,此以耳根所對聲塵。」
- ^ 《維摩經無我疏》卷11:「香臭二氣,皆鼻根所對之境。」
- ^ 《楞嚴經圓通疏》卷5:「飲食具足五味,皆舌根所對之境。」
- ^ 《楞嚴經講錄》卷3:「觸乃身根所對之塵。」
- ^ 《百法明門論纂》卷1:「法塵者,乃意根所對之色。」
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