For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 先天性障碍.

先天性障碍

先天性障碍
同义词先天性疾病、畸形[1]
一位患有唐氏症的小孩,該症是最常見的先天性障碍之一[2]
症状身體障礙, 智能障礙, 發展遲緩[3]
起病年龄出生時[3]
类型結構性、功能性[4]
病因基因突變、暴露在特定的化學物中、孕期中受感染[5]
风险因素葉酸缺乏症、懷孕時飲酒或是吸煙、妊娠糖尿病控制不當、孕婦年齡超過35歲[6]
治療治療、藥物、手術、輔助技術][7]
患病率3%的新生兒(美國)[2]
死亡數628,000人(2015年,美國)[8]
分类和外部资源
醫學專科遺傳學, 兒醫學
ICD-11XB8M
DiseasesDB28811
[编辑此条目的维基数据]

先天性障礙(congenital disorder)又稱出生缺陷[9](birth defect)、先天缺陷[10](congenital defect)[11],视情况有时称先天性疾病先天畸形,是指發育中的胎兒因為遺傳性疾病或發育環境等因素導致某部位特徵、結構、功能的異常,導致在嬰兒出生時即有的病症[3],包括了身體英语Physical disability智能以及發展上的障礙[3]。障礙程度可能輕微,也可能嚴重[12]。先天性障碍可以分為二類:結構性缺陷是指身體器官或部位在外形或是結構上的缺陷,而功能性缺陷是指身體部位在功能上的缺陷[4]。功能性缺陷包括代謝疾病退行性疾病[4]。有些先天性障碍則同時包括了結構性缺陷以及功能性缺陷二者[4]

先天性障碍可能是因為遺傳疾病染色体畸变,或是懷孕時暴露在特定化學物質、服用特定藥物或是懷孕時感染英语Vertically transmitted infection[5]。風險因子包括葉酸缺乏症、懷孕時飲酒或是吸煙、妊娠糖尿病控制不當、或是孕婦年齡超過35歲[6][12]。許多先天性障碍可能是因為多種原因造成[12]。先天性障碍可能是嬰兒出生時即可看出的,也有些是透過新生兒篩檢英语Newborn screening得知[13]。許多的先天性障碍可以在懷孕時在產前診斷檢查出來[13]

根據動物實驗,發育中的胎兒所得到的營養取決於父母的進食,也有可能對胎兒出生以後長期影響到他的生活型態[14]。也動物實驗也指出,父母的思維生活作息也會影響到胎兒的發育過程,由實驗可知,父親如果整天酗、少吃蔬果類的食物吸菸、吸毒品等不良行為,更容易讓胎兒造成基因突變而導致先天性障礙[15][16][17][18]

先天性障碍的處理方式因種類而有所不同[7],包括有治療、藥物、手術以及輔助技術[7]。在2015年有9600萬人有先天性障碍[19] 。在美國有3%的新生兒有先天性障碍[2] ,在1990年時全世界因先天性障碍死亡的人數有75.1萬人,到2015年降到62.8萬人[20][8]。主要的死因有先天性心臟病(30.3萬人)及神经管缺陷英语Neural tube defect(6.5萬人)[8]

部分先天性障碍的舉例

患有颅缝早闭的中国马戏团演员,1927 年


數據與分布圖

2004年每10萬人因為先天性異常而導致的失能調整生命年[26]
  無資料
  少於160
  160-240
  240-320
  320-400
  400-480
  480-560
  560-640
  640-720
  720-800
  800-900
  900-950
  多於950

從1990年至2013年期間數據統計顯示:每年因先天性疾病導致死亡者從751,000人降至632,000人[20],其中先天性心臟疾病導致死亡的人數最多(323000人),其次是神經管異常(69000人)[20]

參考文獻

  1. ^ Ruth A. Hannon. Porth pathophysiology : concepts of altered health states 1st Canadian. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010: 128 [2018-05-07]. ISBN 978-1-60547-781-7. (原始内容存档于2017-08-20). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 2.2 Birth Defects. Dec 15, 2015 [17 Jan 2016]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-18). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Birth Defects: Condition Information. www.nichd.nih.gov. [8 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-22). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 4.2 4.3 What are the types of birth defects?. www.nichd.nih.gov. [8 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-22). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 What causes birth defects?. www.nichd.nih.gov. [8 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-17). 
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 How many people are affected by/at risk for birth defects?. www.nichd.nih.gov. [8 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-17). 
  7. ^ 7.0 7.1 7.2 What are the treatments for birth defects?. www.nichd.nih.gov. [8 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-20). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 8.2 GBD 2015 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national life expectancy, all-cause mortality, and cause-specific mortality for 249 causes of death, 1980-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.. Lancet. 8 October 2016, 388 (10053): 1459–1544. PMC 5388903可免费查阅. PMID 27733281. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(16)31012-1. 
  9. ^ 存档副本. [2024-02-06]. (原始内容存档于2024-02-06). 
  10. ^ https://terms.naer.edu.tw/search/?csrfmiddlewaretoken=t4rEKuzQntvvh1eIIgmA2g6tIrjQQjVesPR5DNVQNslfXUzTkqh9sK2DiJ8ZNW4T&match_type=phrase&query_op=&query_field=title&query_term=congenital+defect
  11. ^ Ruth A. Hannon. Porth pathophysiology : concepts of altered health states 1st Canadian ed. Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health/Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. 2010: 128 [2015-07-04]. ISBN 9781605477817. (原始内容存档于2015-07-03). 
  12. ^ 12.0 12.1 12.2 Facts Birth Defects. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 7 September 2017 [8 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2018-06-15) (美国英语). 
  13. ^ 13.0 13.1 How do health care providers diagnose birth defects?. www.nichd.nih.gov. [8 December 2017]. (原始内容存档于2017-12-22). 
  14. ^ Gregory W. Rutecki. Pre-Prenatal Care: A Primary Care Primer on the Future. ConsultantLive.com. 2010 [25 September 2010]. (原始内容存档于2012-11-09). 
  15. ^ Abel, E. L. Paternal contribution to fetal alcohol syndrome. Addiction Biology. 2004, 9 (2): 127–133. PMID 15223537. doi:10.1080/13556210410001716980. 
  16. ^ De Santis, Marco; Cesari, Elena; Cavaliere, Annafranca; Ligato, Maria Serena; Nobili, Elena; Visconti, Daniela; Caruso, Alessandro. Paternal exposure and counselling: Experience of a Teratology Information Service. Reproductive Toxicology. September 2008, 26 (1): 42–46. PMID 18598753. doi:10.1016/j.reprotox.2008.06.003. 
  17. ^ Sartorius, G. A.; Nieschlag, E. Paternal age and reproduction. Human Reproduction Update. 20 August 2009, 16 (1): 65–79. PMID 19696093. doi:10.1093/humupd/dmp027. 
  18. ^ Anderson, Diana; Schmid, ThomasE; Baumgartner, Adolf. Male-mediated developmental toxicity. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2014, 16 (1): 81. PMID 24369136. doi:10.4103/1008-682X.122342. 
  19. ^ GBD 2015 Disease and Injury Incidence and Prevalence, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national incidence, prevalence, and years lived with disability for 310 diseases and injuries, 1990-2015: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015.. Lancet. 8 October 2016, 388 (10053): 1545–1602. PMC 5055577可免费查阅. PMID 27733282. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(16)31678-6. 
  20. ^ 20.0 20.1 20.2 GBD 2013 Mortality and Causes of Death, Collaborators. Global, regional, and national age-sex specific all-cause and cause-specific mortality for 240 causes of death, 1990–2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.. Lancet. 17 December 2014, 385 (9963): 117–71. PMC 4340604可免费查阅. PMID 25530442. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)61682-2. 
  21. ^ Jones K, Smith D (1975). "The fetal alcohol syndrome". Teratology 12 (1): 1–10. doi:10.1002/tera.1420120102. PMID 1162620.
  22. ^ Clarren S, Alvord E, Sumi S, Streissguth A, Smith D (1978). "Brain malformations related to prenatal exposure to ethanol". J Pediatr 92 (1): 64–7. doi:10.1016/S0022-3476(78)80072-9. PMID 619080.
  23. ^ Lancet. 1986 Nov 22;2(8517):1222. PMID 2877359
  24. ^ Strömland K, Pinazo-Durán M (2002). "Ophthalmic involvement in the fetal alcohol syndrome: clinical and animal model studies". Alcohol Alcohol 37 (1): 2–8. doi:10.1093/alcalc/37.1.2. PMID 11825849.
  25. ^ May, PA.; Gossage, JP. (2001). "Estimating the prevalence of fetal alcohol syndrome. A summary.". Alcohol Res Health 25 (3): 159–67. PMID 11810953.
  26. ^ WHO Disease and injury country estimates. World Health Organization. 2009 [Nov 11, 2009]. (原始内容存档于2014-02-11). 

參見

外部連結

{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
先天性障碍
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?