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紹納語

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紹納語
chiShona
母语国家和地区 辛巴威
 莫桑比克
 尚比亞
 博茨瓦纳
母语使用人数
8.3 百萬, Shona proper
 (2007)[1]
10.8 百萬 Zezuru, Karanga, Korekore (2000)
15 百萬 incl. Manyika, Ndau (2000–2006)[2]
語系
尼日尔-刚果语系
語言代碼
ISO 639-1sn
ISO 639-2sna
ISO 639-3sna
辛巴威修納巫醫
修納語單字與發音

紹納語[3](紹納語:ChiShona),也譯作修納語,是屬於班圖語支的一種語言。是尚比亞南部與津巴布韋紹納人的母語,也是津巴布韋的官方語言之一。

音系

紹納語所有的音節都以元音結尾,且一個字詞中的輔音都是與其後的元音組成音節。舉例說明,mangwanani(早晨)一詞若區分音節,則為ma.ngwa.na.niZimbabwe(辛巴威)則是zi.mba.bwe

元音

紹納語有五個元音,與西班牙語類似:[a, e, i, o, u],且每個元音都獨立發音。例如,"Uno enda kupi?"(你要去哪裡?)就發音為[u.no.e.nda.ku.pi]

輔音

紹納語共有42種輔音音素,包含單輔音與複輔音,如下表:

雙唇 齒齦 硬顎 軟顎 聲門
普通 唇音 普通 唇音
塞音 清音 p t k
呼氣音 ɡ̤
內爆音 ɓ ɗ
前鼻音化 ᵐb ⁿd ᵑɡ
擦音 清音 f s ʃ
呼氣音 zʋ̤ ʒ̤ ɦ
前鼻音化 ⁿz̤ ⁿzʋ̤
鼻音 普通 m n ɲ ŋ
呼氣音 mʋ̤
塞擦音 清音 p͡f t͡s t͡sʋ t͡ʃ
呼氣音 b͡v̤ d͡z̤ d͡zʋ̤ d͡ʒ̤
前鼻音化 ⁿd͡ʒ̤
顫音 r
近音 ʋ j w

參考資料

  1. ^ Mikael Parkvall, "Världens 100 största språk 2007" (The World's 100 Largest Languages in 2007), in Nationalencyklopedin
  2. ^ Language Family Trees: Niger-Congo, Atlantic-Congo, Volta-Congo, Benue-Congo, Bantoid, Southern, Narrow Bantu, Central, S, Shona (S.10) 互联网档案馆存檔,存档日期2015-02-19.
  3. ^ 津巴布韦国家概况. [2020-11-25]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-02). 

參考文獻

  • Biehler, E. (1950) A Shona dictionary with an outline Shona grammar (revised edition). The Jesuit Fathers.
  • Brauner, Sigmund (1995) A grammatical sketch of Shona : including historical notes. Köln: Rüdiger Koppe.
  • Carter, Hazel (1986) Kuverenga Chishóna: an introductory Shona reader with grammatical sketch (2nd edition). London: SOAS.
  • Doke, Clement M. (1931) Report on the unification of the Shona dialects. Stephen Austin Sons.
  • Mutasa, David (1996) The problems of standardizing spoken dialects: the Shona experience, Language Matters, 27, 79
  • Lafon, Michel (1995), Le shona et les shonas du Zimbabwe, Harmattan éd., Paris (法文)
  • D. Dale:
    • Basic English – Shona dictionary, Afro Asiatic Languages Edition, Sept 5, 2000, ISBN 978-0869220146
    • Duramazwi: A Shona - English Dictionary, Afro Asiatic Languages Edition, Sept 5, 2000, ISBN 978-0869220146

外部連結

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紹納語
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