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保守派 (洋务运动)

保守派[1][2],又称顽固派[3][4]守旧派[5]等,是洋务运动时期与洋务派针锋相对的政治派别,与清流派[6][7]有一定重合。

简介

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19世纪60—90年代的洋务运动,又称同光中兴或“自强运动”。体制内一批改革派官僚,主张大力引进西方现代科学技术,创办新式工业,培养新型人才,训练新式军队,被称为洋务派。代表人物包括奕䜣左宗棠曾国藩李鸿章张之洞等,知识分子包括魏源等。

反对洋务派的官僚包括倭仁[2]徐桐李鸿藻及后期的张家骧等,这批人多数为熟读经书的文人学士出身的文员,主张儒教传统立国。[8] 也有立场居中者,如郭嵩焘对守旧派的顽固立场予以痛斥,也对洋务派的迷信炮舰政策提出批评。[5]

洋务派和保守派发生了三次大规模论争:1860年代关于同文馆招收科甲正途人员入天文算学馆的争论[1];1870年代关于应否停造轮船的争论;1880年代关于修筑铁路的争论。[8]19世紀末大清被投入西洋化的日本擊敗以及義和團內亂打擊,勝負已分,遂分崩離析。

参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 王学斌. "“同文馆之争”: 一场洋务派与保守派的论战." 文史天地 11 (2014).
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 公一兵. "走近洋务运动中的保守派——全面看待倭仁." 内蒙古民族大学学报: 社会科学版 6 (2002): 18-22.
  3. ^ 杨智平. "洋务运动中顽固派的思维方式." 人民论坛: 中旬刊 3 (2012): 106-107.
  4. ^ 曾永玲. "洋务派与顽固派的一场论战." 吉林师范大学学报: 人文社会科学版 1 (1996): 58-62.
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 李新士. "郭嵩焘洋务观研究 [D]." PhD diss., 天津: 南开大学, 2013.
  6. ^ 重读甲午·清廷内斗_历史频道_凤凰网. news.ifeng.com. [2023-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-30). 
  7. ^ 刘少涛. "论同光之交的清流派." 中国人民大学学报 2, no. 1 (1993): 3-1.
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 利益之争对洋务运动的影响_思想理论_人民论坛网. www.rmlt.com.cn. [2023-03-30]. (原始内容存档于2023-03-30). 
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保守派 (洋务运动)
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