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伯牙

伯牙
大夫
颐和园长廊绘画:子期听琴。图中弹琴人为伯牙
本名氏:伯
名:牙
国籍晋国
活跃时期春秋时期
別稱伯雅

伯牙[1]中国春秋时期晋国大夫,氏,又作伯雅[2]琴师,善弹七弦琴,因彈奏《高山流水》与钟子期互為的知音故事而闻名于世,見於《列子·汤问》篇和《吕氏春秋·本味》。[3][4]荀子·劝学》中則有「伯牙鼓琴而六馬仰秣」的记载。[5]據《琴操》和《琴史》等書記載,伯牙曾向成連先生學琴,因而創作琴曲《水仙操》。[6][7]

明朝冯梦龙在《警世通言》中附会其“姓,名伯牙”,为晋国上大夫,原籍楚国郢都。后人多有采用此说者,如京剧《伯牙碎琴》(又名《马鞍山》、《知音会》)。

相關條目

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参考资料

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  1. ^   Berthel, Ken. "How did Zheng Ziqi understand Bo Ya's Heart-Mind? Hetero-referential Aspects of Early Chinese Music Theory". Philosophy East and West.
  2. ^ 东汉高诱注《吕氏春秋》:“伯氏,牙名,或作雅”
  3. ^ 湯問. 《列子. 伯牙善鼓琴,鍾子期善聽。伯牙鼓琴,志在登高山,鍾子期曰:「善哉!峩峩兮若泰山!」志在流水,鍾子期曰:「善哉!洋洋兮若江河!」伯牙所念,鍾子期必得之。伯牙游於泰山之陰,卒逢暴雨,止於巖下,心悲,乃援琴而鼓之,初爲霖雨之操,更造崩山之音。曲每奏,鍾子期輒窮其趣。伯牙乃舍琴而嘆曰:「善哉,善哉,子之聽夫!志想象猶吾心也。吾於何逃聲哉?」 
  4. ^ 呂不韋. 本味. 《呂氏春秋十四. 伯牙鼓琴,鍾子期聽之,方鼓琴而志在太山,鍾子期曰:「善哉乎鼓琴,巍巍乎若太山。」少選之間,而志在流水,鍾子期又曰:「善哉乎鼓琴,湯湯乎若流水。」鍾子期死,伯牙破琴絕弦,終身不復鼓琴,以為世無足復為鼓琴者。非獨琴若此也,賢者亦然。雖有賢者,而無禮以接之,賢奚由盡忠?猶御之不善,驥不自千里也。 
  5. ^ 荀子. 勸學. 《荀子》. 伯牙鼓琴而六馬仰秣。 
  6. ^ 蔡邕. 《琴操》. 〈水仙操〉者,伯牙之所作也。伯牙學琴於成連先生,先生曰:『吾能傳曲,而不能移情。吾師有方子春者,善於琴,能作人之情,今在東海上。子能與我同事之乎?』伯牙曰:『夫子有命,敢不敬從。』乃相與至海上,見子春受業焉。乃與伯牙俱往,至蓬萊山,留伯牙曰:『子居習之,吾將迎之。』刺船而去。旬時,伯牙延望無人,但聞海水洞湧,山林杳冥,愴然嘆曰:『先生移我情矣!』乃援琴而歌,作〈水仙〉之操。 
  7. ^ 朱長文. 《琴史》. 
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伯牙
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