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人類呼吸道合胞病毒

肺病毒属
透射电子显微镜下的HRSV
病毒分類 编辑
(未分级) 病毒 Virus
域: 核糖病毒域 Riboviria
界: 正核糖病毒界 Orthornavirae
门: 負核糖病毒門 Negarnaviricota
纲: 單荊病毒綱 Monjiviricetes
目: 單股反鏈病毒目 Mononegavirales
科: 副黏液病毒科 Paramyxoviridae
亚科: 肺炎病毒亞科 Pneumovirinae
属: 肺病毒属 Pneumovirus

人類呼吸道合胞病毒
(Human Respiratory
syncytial virus
)

人類呼吸道合胞病毒(human respiratory syncytial virus,hRSV,RSV)又稱呼吸道融合病毒ICTV学名人正肺病毒[1]Orthopneumovirus hominis[2]),為副黏液病毒科肺病毒屬中型單鏈RNA病毒。RSV因其表面的F蛋白会导致邻近的细胞膜融合,产生大型多核合胞体而得名。

RSV抗原亚型分為A,B兩型, 两者区别基于病毒包膜的F和G表面蛋白对单克隆抗体的反应性[3][4]

生活史

RSV病毒好發於秋季至晚春季,有時夏季亦可見,病毒潛伏期(latent period)約2至8天,病毒脫落期(shedding period)一般為3至7天,但幼兒可長達2至3週,故對嬰幼兒較易造成流行,也常造成感染之嬰幼兒常需住院治療。傳染途徑經由人與人直接接觸傳染,也會經由接觸感染過之體液而被傳染,故預防感染應以實施接觸隔離為主,例如空間隔離、與病童接觸者應嚴格實施手及其他接觸部位之清潔,病童使用過之玩具與器具也應妥善洗淨消毒...等都要嚴格實施。

檢驗方式

此章節尚無參考來源,內容或許無法查證

目前認為RSV感染以臨床表徵最為重要,詳細病史配合身體理學檢查即可診斷。而抽血檢驗與放射線檢查則不宜作為診斷依據(證據等級C)。

预防药物

此章節尚無參考來源,內容或許無法查證

目前以使用Palivizumab(Synagis®)為主。SYNAGIS不是疫苗——它是在整个RSV季节每月注射一次,通常在秋季开始并持续到春季。

疫苗

疫苗的研发已经有数十年,但是没有疫苗上市。辉瑞葛兰素史克莫德纳正在积极研发疫苗[5]。辉瑞(Pfizer)公司2021年7月底宣布计划在两个月内开始对成人呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗进行3期试验,并于2022年初完成[5]。2021年8月,莫德纳的人类呼吸道合胞病毒疫苗(mRNA-1345)获得美国食品药品监督管理局)(FDA)快速通道指定英语Fast track (FDA) [6]

外部連結

參考資料

  1. ^ 国家呼吸系统疾病临床医学研究中心, 中华医学会儿科学分会呼吸学组, 中国医师协会呼吸医师分会儿科呼吸工作委员会, 等. 儿童呼吸道合胞病毒感染诊断、治疗和预防专家共识 [J] . 中华实用儿科临床杂志, 2020, 35(4) : 241-250. DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn101070-20200225-00243.
  2. ^ the ICTV. Family: Pneumoviridae Genus: Orthopneumovirus. International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses: ICTV. [2024-06-14]. (原始内容存档于2024-06-14). 
  3. ^ Griffiths C, Drews SJ, Marchant DJ. Respiratory Syncytial Virus: Infection, Detection, and New Options for Prevention and Treatment. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. January 2017, 30 (1): 277–319. PMC 5217795可免费查阅. PMID 27903593. doi:10.1128/CMR.00010-16. 
  4. ^ Jha A, Jarvis H, Fraser C, Openshaw PJ. Chapter 5: Respiratory Syncytial Virus. Hui DS, Rossi GA, Johnston SL (编). SARS, MERS and other Viral Lung Infections. Wellcome Trust–Funded Monographs and Book Chapters. Sheffield (UK): European Respiratory Society. June 2016 [29 October 2020]. ISBN 978-1-84984-070-5. PMID 28742304. (原始内容存档于28 December 2020). 
  5. ^ 5.0 5.1 Jonathan Gardner, Pfizer's fast progress shines spotlight on an emerging vaccine race, July 30, 2021. [2021-08-04]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-04). 
  6. ^ Moderna Receives FDA Fast Track Designation for Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV) Vaccine (mRNA-1345), BUSINESS WIRE, August 3 2021. [2021-08-03]. (原始内容存档于2021-08-04). 
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人類呼吸道合胞病毒
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