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二异丁基氢化铝

二异丁基氢化铝
IUPAC名
Diisobutylaluminium hydride
别名 DIBAH、DIBAL、DiBAlH、DIBAL-H、DIBALH
识别
CAS号 1191-15-7  checkY
ChemSpider 10430352
SMILES
 
  • CC(C)C[AlH]CC(C)C
InChI
 
  • 1/2C4H9.Al.H/c2*1-4(2)3;;/h2*4H,1H2,2-3H3;;/rC8H19Al/c1-7(2)5-9-6-8(3)4/h7-9H,5-6H2,1-4H3
InChIKey AZWXAPCAJCYGIA-DFAADSFOAF
性质
化学式 C16H38Al2 (dimer)
摩尔质量 (单体)142.22 g·mol⁻¹
外观 无色液体
密度 0.798 g/cm3
熔点 –18 °C
沸点 116–118 °C/1 mmHg
危险性
主要危害 在空气中自燃
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

二异丁基氢化铝DIBAL、DIBAL-H、DIBAH)是有机合成中常用的有机金属还原剂之一,化学式(i-Bu2AlH)2,室温下为无色液体。由烯烃聚合反应的共催化性质而被研究,[1]一般以它溶于有机溶剂(如甲苯)中的形式出售。

它由三丁基铝120-180°C下进行减压热分解制得(β-氢消除反应),副产物为三异丁基铝,可回收使用:[2]

(i-Bu3Al)2 → (i-Bu2AlH)2 + 2 (CH3)2C=CH2

温度不可过高,否则产物会分解为金属铝。X射线晶体学的数据表明,二异丁基氢化铝存在二聚体(见图)和三聚体,铝为四面体结构,以桥连的氢原子相连。[3]

它在有机合成用作亲电性的温和还原剂,可将还原为酰胺还原为羧酸酰卤还原为,α,β-不饱和酯还原为烯丙醇[4]它与水迅速反应生成氢和异丁烷

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ K. Ziegler, H. Martin and F. Krupp. Metallorganische Verbindungen, XXVII Aluminiumtrialkyle und Dialkyl-Aluminiumhydride Aus Aluminiumisobutyl-Verbindungen. Justus Liebigs Annalen der Chemie. 1960, 629 (1): 14–19. doi:10.1002/jlac.19606290103. 
  2. ^ Eisch, J. J. Organometallic Syntheses Volume 2, Academic Press: New York, 1981. ISBN 0-12-234950-4.
  3. ^ Mark F. Self, William T. Pennington and Gregory H. Robinson "Reaction of diisobutylaluminum hydride with a macrocyclic tetradentate secondary amine. Synthesis and molecular structure of [Al(iso-Bu)]2[C10H20N4][Al(iso-Bu)3]2: evidence of an unusual disproportionation of (iso-Bu)2AlH" Inorganica Chimica Acta (1990), volume 175, pp. 151-3. doi:10.1016/S0020-1693(00)84819-7.
  4. ^ Galatsis, P. “Diisobutylaluminum Hydride” in Encyclopedia of Reagents for Organic Synthesis John Wiley & Sons: New York, 2001. doi:10.1002/047084289X.rd245

外部链接

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二异丁基氢化铝
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