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乙炔铜

乙炔铜
IUPAC名
Dicuprous acetylide
识别
CAS号 1117-94-8  checkY
PubChem 19021056
SMILES
 
  • [C-]#[C-].[Cu+].[Cu+]
性质
化学式 C2Cu2
摩尔质量 151.11 g/mol g·mol⁻¹
危险性
主要危害 易爆,有害
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙炔铜,或称乙炔亚铜,是一种有机铜化合物化学式Cu2C2。这是一种对热和冲击敏感的高爆炸药,是一种金属乙炔化合物。它类似乙炔银碳化钙,虽然它并不叫碳化物。由于高灵敏度和反应导致它没有利用价值,它仍然很有趣,因为它是鲜有的几种在引爆后不释放气体的爆炸物。

制备

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乙炔铜可以在氨气存在下,乙炔气体通过氯化亚铜溶液制备:

C2H2 + 2CuCl → Cu2C2 + 2HCl

反应产物是红色沉淀。该反应可用来检测乙炔。

性质和危害

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乙炔铜可以发生爆炸,爆炸时不产生气体。化合物的阳离子在分解反应中作为氧化剂。

Cu2C2(s) → 2 Cu(s) + 2 C(s)

潮湿的乙炔铜较稳定,可以安全地处理。干燥的乙炔铜极其敏感,摩擦即可引爆。摩擦感度为0.1 N。[1]

乙炔铜可以在管或含铜量高的合金管道内部形成,这可能会导致剧烈的爆炸声。[2]这被认为是乙炔厂发生爆炸的原因,导致这样的工厂放弃铜作为结构中的材料。[3]石油化工中使用的铜催化剂在一定条件下也会有风险。[4]

参考文献

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  1. ^ Köhler, J.; Meyer, R.; Homburg, A.: Explosivstoffe, zehnte, vollständig überarbeitete Auflage, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim 2008, ISBN 978-3-527-32009-7.
  2. ^ Mine Safety and Health Administration (MSHA) - Accident Prevention Program - Miner's Tips - Hazards of Acetylene Gas. [2008-06-08]. (原始内容存档于2008-07-06). 
  3. ^ 存档副本. [2013-02-08]. (原始内容存档于2007-10-01). 
  4. ^ The Safe Use of Copper -Containing Catalysts in Ethylene Plants. [2008-06-08]. (原始内容存档于2012-07-07). 
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乙炔铜
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