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(英語:Product)是数学中多个不同概念的称呼。算术中,两个或多个数相得到的结果称为它们的积或乘积。[註 1]

当相乘的对象多于两个时可以称为连乘[註 2]的时候,常常使用连乘号[註 3]表示,类似多个对象的加法使用求和符号[1]

一般约定,相乘的对象只有一个的时候,乘积是对象本身;没有相乘的对象时也可以约定所谓的空积为1。


代数对象的积

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各种代数结构中的对象可以通过定义不同的二元运算得到不同的积。比如说,平面向量可以定义点积,三维向量可以定义叉积混合积。常见的积还包括:

代数结构的积

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在研究抽象代数中的代数结构时,常常会用到代数结构的积的概念。两个代数结构的积,一般定义为将两个代数结构里的元素通过一个二元映射对应为一个新的元素,然后将新的元素通过适当的规则组成的新的代数结构。如果两个代数结构的元素个数都是有限个,那么它们的积的元素个数将会是它们分别元素个数的乘积。这也是这种新代数结构被称为积的原因之一。

常见的代数结构的积有:

注释

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  1. ^ 当相乘的数是实数或复数的时候,相乘的顺序对积没有影响,这称为交换性。当相乘的是四元数或者矩阵,或者某些代数结构里的元素的时候,顺序会对作为结果的乘积造成影响。这说明这些对象的乘法没有交换性。
  2. ^ 英語:product of a sequence
  3. ^ 或称求积符号,即大写的π

参考来源

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  1. ^ Weisstein, Eric W. (编). Product. at MathWorld--A Wolfram Web Resource. Wolfram Research, Inc. [2020-08-16]. (原始内容存档于2022-06-02) (英语). 
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