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空积

数学领域,空积(英語:Empty product)也叫零项积(英語:nullary product),是零个因子相的结果。一般假设任何乘法运算中都隐含单位元因子,所以认为空积的值与乘法单位元 1 相等。这和空和(零个数相的结果)等于加法单位元 0 是类似的。[1][2][3][4]

零项算术积

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假设有数列 a1, a2, a3,... 并且该数列的前 m 项的积为

如果约定 并且 ,那么所有 m = 1,2,... 都满足:

换句话说, 是一个因子的「积」,取值就是它本身;而 则是零个因子的「积」,取值是 1。允许求一个因子、零个因子的积,可以简化很多数学公式,减少针对类似的特殊情况的处理。这样的「积」是很多归纳证明以及算法的自然起点。因此,「空积是一」的约定在数学和程序设计中非常常见。

另见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ Jaroslav Nešetřil, Jiří Matoušek. Invitation to Discrete Mathematics. Oxford University Press. 1998: 12. ISBN 0-19-850207-9. 
  2. ^ A.E. Ingham and R C Vaughan. The Distribution of Prime Numbers. Cambridge University Press. 1990: 1. ISBN 0-521-39789-8. 
  3. ^ Lang, Serge, Algebra, Graduate Texts in Mathematics 211 Revised third, New York: Springer-Verlag: 9, 2002, ISBN 978-0-387-95385-4, MR1878556 
  4. ^ David M. Bloom. Linear Algebra and Geometry. 1979: 45. ISBN 0521293243. 
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空积
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