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不规则星系

NGC 1427A是不規則星系的一個例子。這是一個距離約5,200萬光年的第一型不規則星系(Irr-1).

不規則星系是一種沒有明顯規則形狀的星系,外觀既不像螺旋也不像橢圓[1]。它們在外觀上是混亂的,既沒有核凸起,也沒有任何螺旋臂結構的痕跡[2]

總體而言,認為它們佔所有星系的四分之一左右。一些不規則星系可能曾經是螺旋星系或橢圓星系,但由於不均勻的外部引力而變形。不規則星系可能含有大量的氣體和塵埃[3]。但對矮不規則星系而言,卻不一定是如此[4]

不規則星系通常很小,質量大約是銀河系的十分之一。由於它們的大小不夠大,很容易受到環境的影響,例如與大型星系和星系際空間中的雲氣碰撞[5]

類型

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有三種主要類型的不規則星系[6]

  • 第一型不規則星系(Irr I):具有一些結構,但不足以將其明確地放入哈伯序列中。
    • 具有一些螺旋結構的子型,稱為麥哲倫型星系(Sm)。
    • 沒有螺旋結構的子型,稱為Im'"星系。
  • 第二型不規則星系(Irr II):它似乎沒有任何結構可以將其放入哈伯序列中。

  • 矮不規則星系(dIrr):是外觀不規則的矮星系[7]。現在認為這種類型的星系對於理解星系的整體演化很重要,因為它們往往具有较低的金屬量和相對高的氣體含量,並且被認為類似於最早充斥於宇宙中的星系。在哈伯深領域探測中發現的暗藍星系(faint blue galaxies)可能是該局部區域的代表星系,因此是最早期的星系。

一些不規則的星系,特別是麥哲倫類型,是被較大的鄰居引力扭曲的小螺旋星系

麥哲倫雲

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大、小麥哲倫雲曾經都被歸類為不規則星系。現在,大麥哲倫雲已經重新分類為SBm型(棒旋麥哲倫螺旋星系[8]小麥哲倫雲儘管它確實包含棒狀結構,在目前的星系型態分類下仍被歸類為Im型的不規則星系。

圖集

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相關條目

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參考資料

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  1. ^ Butz, Stephen D. (2002). Science of Earth Systems. Cengage Learning. p. 107. ISBN 978-0-7668-3391-3.
  2. ^ Morgan, W. W. & Mayall, N. U. (1957). "A Spectral Classification of Galaxies." Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific. 69 (409): 291–303.
  3. ^ Faulkes Telescope Educational Guide - Galaxies - Irregulars. [2022-03-18]. (原始内容存档于2022-03-07). 
  4. ^ Walter, F. et al. Astophys J 661, 102 - 114, 2007
  5. ^ Elmegreen, Debra Meloy, and Bruce G. Elmegreen. "Galaxies." Space Sciences, edited by Pat Dasch, vol. 2: Planetary Science and Astronomy, Macmillan Reference USA, 2002, pp. 50-56. Gale Virtual Reference Library, go.galegroup.com/ps/i.do?p=GVRL&sw=w&u=mcc_pv&v=2.1&it=r&id=GALE%7CCX3408800138&asid=f1f899f2eb1f500bc3341c4f13abb896. Accessed 25 September 2017.
  6. ^ Gallagher, J. S. & Hunter, D. A. (1984). "Structure and Evolution of Irregular Galaxies." Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics. 22: 37-74. doi:10.1146/annurev.aa.22.090184.000345
  7. ^ Grebel, Eva K. (2004). The evolutionary history of Local Group irregular galaxies. in McWilliam, Andrew; Rauch, Michael (eds) Origin and evolution of the elements. Cambridge University Press. p. 234-254. ISBN 978-0-521-75578-8.
  8. ^ Corso, G. and Buscombe, W. The Observatory, 90, 229 - 233 (1970) On the spiral structure of the Large Magellanic Cloud页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆
  9. ^ Feeling blue. www.spacetelescope.org. [5 November 2018]. (原始内容存档于2018-11-05). 
  10. ^ A frenzy of stars. www.spacetelescope.org. [26 February 2018]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-25). 
  11. ^ Surveying the cosmos. www.spacetelescope.org. [19 June 2017]. (原始内容存档于2020-07-18). 
  12. ^ Spotlight on IC 3583. www.spacetelescope.org. [28 November 2016]. (原始内容存档于2019-08-17). 
  13. ^ A lopsided lynx. www.spacetelescope.org. [9 August 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-21). 
  14. ^ A distinctly disorganised dwarf. [29 March 2016]. (原始内容存档于2020-10-25). 
  15. ^ Meeting the neighbours. www.spacetelescope.org. ESA/Hubble. [8 June 2015]. (原始内容存档于2020-11-27). 
  16. ^ A spattering of blue. www.spacetelescope.org. ESA/Hubble. [8 September 2014]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-05). 
  17. ^ A cosmic optical illusion. ESA/Hubble Picture of the Week. [20 August 2013]. (原始内容存档于2018-01-07). 

外部連結

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不规则星系
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