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人類的下顎骨

(英語:Jaw)是動物在嘴部入口處相對的鉸接式結構,也是指口部上下整体的解剖结构,一般可分為上顎、下顎兩部;最常見的用途是用來進食與咀嚼食物。在大多數的動物身上,都擁有這個解剖結構。

人體解剖學或動物解剖學中,又特称为「[註 1]页面存档备份,存于互联网档案馆),而常避免使用 (因為 顎 與另一字 ,解剖位置與構造意義不同,卻讀音相同,兩者易混用誤用)。頜就是指構成口部上下部位的骨骼、關節、肌肉等軟組織,分為上頜与下頜,內有上頜骨(maxilla)與下頜骨(mandible)。

口語中,上顎與下顎常取代醫學專有名詞上頜與下頜;且在口語中,下顎即俗稱的下巴,即指「hàn」,為嘴部以下位置的概稱。

人类发声构造;此图显示“腭”与“颚”为不同部位。图中“颚”是指下颚(下颌),但图未标示“上颚”(上颌)。

字辨

汉语字典上虽有“颚”(jaw)另义同“腭”(palate)[1],但两者在解剖学上的位置、结构、意义不同,不宜混用误用(腭是人类和其他哺乳动物口腔顶部构造,将口腔和鼻腔分开);另有一字“齶”,為腭的異體字,但在中文繁體字使用地區,屬於古字已棄用[2]

節肢動物

节肢动物的颚常为口器的一部分,是由甲壳素构成的左右结构。其主要功能是将食物运送到嘴中,或兼有基本的咀嚼功能。部分颚其实是变形的腿(颚足)。

脊椎動物

在大多数脊椎动物中,颚为垂直排列的骨质或软骨质上下结构及其附随的关节、软组织,由上颚和下颚组成。

人体的颚称为「」,內有上颌骨下颌骨

備註

  1. ^ 參見《漢典》https://www.zdic.net/hant/%E9%A2%8C

参考

  1. ^ 存档副本. [2021-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-14). 
  2. ^ 存档副本. [2021-09-19]. (原始内容存档于2021-11-14). 
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