For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 機件.

機件

各種機件嘅圖解:

機件gei1 gin2mechanism),粵文又有叫機制gei1 zai3,喺工程學上係指一部機械當中將能量轉化嘅構件。一件機件會以某啲力或者能量做 input,並且用佢嘅物理特性將呢啲力同能量轉化成第啲力同能量(output)。例如[1][2]

  • 齒輪輸入:一個齒輪嘅旋轉;輸出:另一個齒輪嘅旋轉[3]
  • 凸輪同從動件輸入:一個凸輪嘅旋轉;輸出:從動件嘅直線郁動[4]
  • 齒輪泵輸入:齒輪旋轉嘅力;輸出:流體嘅郁動;
  • 連桿機構(linkage):輸入:一個點嘅週期性郁動;輸出:另一個點嘅週期性郁動;

... 等等。

一部機械由多件機件組成,最先接受 input 嘅機件會將力或者能量轉化,將佢哋嘅 output 交俾下一柞機件,做後者嘅 input,(如果部機設計正確)最後成部機械所俾嘅 output 就會係設計者想要嘅 output。機件係對機械嘅概念化上嘅重要一環:例如 19 世紀德國工程師法蘭斯·烏勞斯(Franz Reuleaux)就嘗試紀錄嗮當時已知嘅機件,並且將機件當做機械嘅基本組成元素,認為世上嘅機械冚唪唥都可以當做某啲特定機件嘅組合[5]

種類

[編輯]
常見嘅機制
機制 定義 作用 抽象圖解 現實例子
齒輪
(gear)
有牙、曉旋轉嘅構造,通常但唔一定呈大致圓形;可以按形狀分做好多種類。而一個由一大柞齒輪連埋一齊形成嘅系統就係所謂嘅輪系(gear train)[6] 輸入:一個旋轉;輸出:另一個旋轉;
用嚟用部機械其中一個部份嘅旋轉,帶動部機械第啲部份一齊跟住旋轉;用行話講嘅話,齒輪嘅作用係傳遞力臂
凸輪
(cam)
一個某一忽凸起咗嘅轆;可以按形狀分做好多種。跟住個凸輪郁嘅打直結構係個凸輪嘅從動件(follower),所以機械工程上有「凸輪同從動件」(cam and follower)一詞[7] 輸入:一個旋轉;輸出:一個直線郁動;
將旋轉性嘅郁動轉化成打直嘅郁動;當一個凸輪因為受輪軸等其他部位影響而旋轉嗰陣,會以一定嘅頻率向一個喺佢側邊嘅直線結構施力,令到嗰個直線結構以一定頻率進行直線郁動。
連桿機構
(linkage)
若干個彼此之間以關節位連咗埋一齊嘅長條;最常見嘅有平面四連桿機構(four-bar linkage)[8] 輸入:一個點嘅週期性郁動;輸出:另一個點嘅週期性郁動;
如果兩個構件俾個工程師用連桿機構連埋咗一齊,假設個連桿機構唔變形(睇埋剛體),嗰兩個構件之間嘅距離同角度會成某啲特定不變嘅幾何關係,例如如果有兩個構件連咗喺同一個連桿機構嘅相鄰關節位,噉假設個連桿機構唔變形,兩個構件之間嘅距離唔會變(睇返算式 )。

例子:平行四邊形連桿

(pump)
用力嚟令流體(氣體或者液體)移動嘅構件;可以按照所使用嘅力嘅方向等嚟分做好多唔同種[9] 輸入:力;輸出:流體嘅郁動;
用嚟傳遞部機械要用嘅流體。

例子:齒輪泵

例子:一個阿基米德螺旋泵
喉嘴
(valve)
靠局部或者完全阻礙管道嚟控制流體流動嘅構件;又係有分好多種類。 輸入:力;輸出:對流體郁動嘅限制;
用嚟俾使用者控制流體嘅流動。

例子:波形喉嘴

例子:香港中環一個水管喉嘴

睇埋

[編輯]

參考

[編輯]
  • Oberg, Erik; Franklin D. Jones; Holbrook L. Horton; Henry H. Ryffel (2000). Christopher J. McCauley; Riccardo Heald; Muhammed Iqbal Hussain (eds.). Machinery's Handbook (26th ed.). New York: Industrial Press Inc. ISBN 978-0-8311-2635-3.
  • Oberg, Erik; Franklin D. Jones; Holbrook L. Horton; Henry H. Ryffel (2000). Christopher J. McCauley; Riccardo Heald; Muhammed Iqbal Hussain (eds.). Machinery's Handbook (30th ed.). New York: Industrial Press Inc. ISBN 9780831130992.
  • Reuleaux, Franz (1876). The Kinematics of Machinery. Trans. and annotated by A. B. W. Kennedy. New York: reprinted by Dover (1963).
  • Uicker, J. J.; G. R. Pennock; J. E. Shigley (2003). Theory of Machines and Mechanisms (3rd Ed.). New York: Oxford University Press.

[編輯]
  1. Robert L. Norton, Machine Design, (4th Edition), Prentice-Hall, 2010.
  2. Reuleaux, F., 1876. The Kinematics of Machinery. Archived 2013-06-02 at the Wayback Machine (trans. and annotated by A. B. W. Kennedy).
  3. American Gear Manufacturers Association; American National Standards Institute, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols (ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05 ed.), American Gear Manufacturers Association.
  4. G., Shigley, J., & Uicker, J. (2010). Cam Design. Theory of machines and Mechanisms (4 ed.). Oxford University Press, USA.
  5. The Reuleaux Collection of Kinematic Mechanisms at Cornell University (PDF).
  6. American Gear Manufacturers Association; American National Standards Institute, Gear Nomenclature, Definitions of Terms with Symbols (ANSI/AGMA 1012-G05 ed.), American Gear Manufacturers Association.
  7. G., Shigley, J., & Uicker, J. (2010). Cam Design. Theory of machines and Mechanisms (4 ed.). Oxford University Press, USA.
  8. Bryant, John; Sangwin, Chris (2008). How round is your circle? : where engineering and mathematics meet. Princeton: Princeton University Press. p. 306.
  9. Australian Pump Manufacturers' Association. Australian Pump Technical Handbook, 3rd edition. Canberra: Australian Pump Manufacturers' Association, 1987.

[編輯]
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
機件
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?