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粵拼Jip6)係植物嘅一個緊要構造,主要作用係搞光合作用,一粒好細嘅葉就好似座綠色加工廠噉,為人類提供好多嘅產品。由於光合作用需要靠葉綠素,所以科學界講過「冇光合作用就冇生命」嘅講法。

結構同功能

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葉嘅構造

喺冚唪唥嘅植物啲葉當中,都有上下表皮細胞,而且排得幾密下。喺下表皮有氣窿響度,上下表皮之間都係葉肉,而且細胞有好多葉綠體。而葉肉入面有葉脈,佢既係葉嘅骨架,又係緊要嘅傳輸系統,入面重有運輸水分、無機鹽嘅導管同輸出有機物嘅導管。而葉可以通過導管將根吸收過嚟嘅H2O同氣窿收集返嚟嘅CO2做原料,通過光合作用,將固定嘅太陽能轉變成化學能,從而轉變成帶有CHO元素嘅澱粉,直到晚黑先至分解成葡萄糖而傳輸到成樖嘢嗰度。唔單止幫植物搞咗開花結果嘅條件,甚至重放出O2。佢可以淨化空氣嚟保持自然界生態平衡。尤其佢嘅表皮細胞,好似起咗棟好密實嘅墻噉;甚至有啲葉嘅表皮加咗埐角質膜同蠟質嚟防止水分走失或空氣嘅污染物、病菌等。重有啲植物嘅葉出「」嚟保護自己。

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唔同品種嘅樹,葉嘅樣都唔同。

葉嘅樣有好多種,既有橢圓形、蛋形、心形、針形……重有好似匙羹、旗、扇、手掌等等……另外重有好多種變態葉,例如營養儲存葉(茨菇)、儲水葉(景天科嘅植物)、繁殖葉(落葉生根植物,例如鐵線蕨)、捉蟲葉(例如茅膏菜)、針狀葉(例如仙人掌)、捲鬚葉(例如黃豆)等等……

葉裂品種

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有啲植物嘅葉喺秋天會變紅

喺正常嚟講,大多數植物啲葉都係綠色,係因為入面有好多葉綠素先至搞成噉,但有啲葉就唔係綠色嘅。例如喺山卡剌地區種嘅天麻或屋企做盆栽嘅秋海棠,佢嘅葉係四季常,係因為佢嘅葉既有葉綠素,又有類胡蘿蔔素或藻紅素、岩藻黃素呢啲嘢。另外,花青素都可以將葉變紅。喺秋天嗰時,楓樹、槭樹、烏桕、黃櫨等樹都可以將葉變到火紅色,係因為秋後,樹嘅葉積得超多葡萄糖,有部分轉成花青素先至搞到葉從綠變紅,搞出「霜葉紅於二月花」嘅景出嚟。另外,例如白果嘅葉,秋天嗰時變黃。

睇埋

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有關

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有關嘅書

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  • 中国少年儿童百科全书 自然·环境 第389-390页 浙江教育出版社 ISBN 7-5338-1946-2/G·1942
  • 束越新,《颜色光学基础理论》,山东科学技术出版社,1981,505-509

出面網頁

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