For faster navigation, this Iframe is preloading the Wikiwand page for 史察福.

史察福

史察福火車站
伊利沙伯奧運公園
史察福中心商場

史察福英文Stratford,又譯斯特拉福特[1]史翠福[2]),係英國倫敦嘅一個地方,係倫敦紐咸區嘅一部分。史察福位於倫敦查令十字以東北六英里(十公里),係倫敦都市規劃藍圖其中一個核心。史察福火車站係東倫敦重要嘅交通樞紐。

史察福本來係一條農村,隸屬雅息士郡。1839年,鐵路網開到史察福,將史察福變成一個工業區。二十世紀中,史察福成為韋斯咸區嘅政經中心。1965年大倫敦成立,將史察福納入範圍之內。近年,史察福由工業區轉型做商業、文化區,並喺2005至2011年間大規模重建,將荒廢咗嘅工業用地變成2012年倫敦奧運主場伊利沙伯奧運公園。

歷史

[編輯]

地名

[編輯]

史上第一次有文獻記載「史察福」呢個地方係1067年嘅事。當時嘅古英語地名串法係Strætfordi,字面解釋係「大路上嘅漫水橋」。呢條漫水橋係由倫敦去高車士打羅馬大路中,要過李河(River Lea)嘅必經之路。附近嘅寶區亦都曾經用過Stratford呢個名,所以史察福又會用Estratford「東史察福」、Statford Hamme「咸區嘅史察福」(指韋斯咸)、或者Abbei Stratford「修道院史察福」,方便搞清楚兩條村[3]

發展史

[編輯]

史察福本來係一條農村,好近倫敦,所以嗰度嘅農產品大有市場。晌十八世紀,史察福一帶出名種薯仔,薯仔產業一路蓬勃至十九世紀中葉[4]。最早入主史察福嘅工業係一間陶瓷廠。兩位本地瓷器師傅(Edward Heylin同埋Thomas Frye)用一個晌1744年申請咗專利嘅方法,喺史察福開工廠,燒製低溫瓷器[5][6]

史察福火車車廠1921年個樣

十九世紀初,史察福變成一個交通樞紐,交通公具有巴士馬車、同埋蒸氣車。一個鐘有四班公共交通由史察福入倫敦,重有一個鐘一班車由東盎格利亞各地路過史察福入倫敦[7]。李河上又有船塢,滿足呢度運輸業同製造業需要,史察福嘅皇家船塢(en:Royal Group of Docks)甚至一度成為全世界最大嘅人工港口[8]。英國大東鐵路又喺史察福起咗一個轉車站同埋一個車廠,作為由倫敦去劍橋同埋高車士打途中嘅大站。呢個車廠越做越大,高峰期有成2500個僱員。呢啲僱員好多都住喺呢度,催生「新史察福鎮」,十九世紀中葉人口有兩萬咁多[9]。呢個車廠一直運作到1991年先執笠,運作百幾年間整咗1682個火車頭、5500卡載客車廂、33000卡載貨車廂[10]

史察福同東倫敦好多其他地方一樣,二十世紀期間受到去工業化嘅影響。This was compounded by the closing of the London Docks in the 1960s.[17]Around this time, the Stratford Shopping Centre was built, beginning efforts to guide the area through the process of transformation from a working-class industrial and transport hub to a retail and leisure destination for the contemporary age.[16] These efforts continued with the Olympic bid for Stratford, and the ongoing urban regeneration work going on there.[18]

參考

[編輯]
  1. 中國大陸同台灣旅遊書嘅譯名
  2. 當地香港移民譯名
  3. Mills, D. (2000). Oxford Dictionary of London Place Names. Oxford.
  4. W R Powell (editor), A History of the County of Essex: Volume 5, Victoria County History 1966, Metropolitan Essex since 1850: Population growth and the built-up area (pp. 2-9)
  5. Victoria County History - A History of the County of Middlesex: Volume 2 (1911), Industries: Pottery - Bow Porcelain (pp. 146-150)
  6. "The Newham Story - Image Gallery - Stratford E15 - Bow Porcelain - 34". 原著喺2013年3月16號歸檔. 喺2013年12月8號搵到.互聯網檔案館歸檔,歸檔日期2013年3月16號,.
  7. Victoria County History, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 6 (1973): West Ham - Transport and Postal Services (pp.61-63)
  8. Victoria County History, A History of the County of Essex: Volume 6 (1973): West Ham - Wharfs and Docks (p.61)
  9. Edward Walford, Old and New London: Volume 5, 1878 (pp. 570-576)
  10. "The Newham Story - Image Gallery - Stratford E15 - Stratford Railway Works - General Offices Building". 原著喺2013年3月16號歸檔. 喺2013年12月8號搵到.互聯網檔案館歸檔,歸檔日期2013年3月16號,.
{{bottomLinkPreText}} {{bottomLinkText}}
史察福
Listen to this article

This browser is not supported by Wikiwand :(
Wikiwand requires a browser with modern capabilities in order to provide you with the best reading experience.
Please download and use one of the following browsers:

This article was just edited, click to reload
This article has been deleted on Wikipedia (Why?)

Back to homepage

Please click Add in the dialog above
Please click Allow in the top-left corner,
then click Install Now in the dialog
Please click Open in the download dialog,
then click Install
Please click the "Downloads" icon in the Safari toolbar, open the first download in the list,
then click Install
{{::$root.activation.text}}

Install Wikiwand

Install on Chrome Install on Firefox
Don't forget to rate us

Tell your friends about Wikiwand!

Gmail Facebook Twitter Link

Enjoying Wikiwand?

Tell your friends and spread the love:
Share on Gmail Share on Facebook Share on Twitter Share on Buffer

Our magic isn't perfect

You can help our automatic cover photo selection by reporting an unsuitable photo.

This photo is visually disturbing This photo is not a good choice

Thank you for helping!


Your input will affect cover photo selection, along with input from other users.

X

Get ready for Wikiwand 2.0 🎉! the new version arrives on September 1st! Don't want to wait?