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乙醇

乙醇
乙醇嘅綫鍵式
乙醇嘅空間填充模型
乙醇嘅路易斯結構式
乙醇嘅球棍模型
IUPAC名
Ethanol
英文名 Ethanol
別名 酒精、火酒
識別
CAS號 64-17-5
PubChem 702
ChemSpider 682 Y
SMILES
CCO
InChIKey LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYAB
ChEBI 16236
DrugBank DB00898
性質
化學式 C2H5OH
摩爾質量 46.06844(232) g·mol−1
外觀 冇色清澈液體
密度 0.789 g/cm³(液)
熔點 −114.3 °C(158.85 K)
沸點 78.4 °C(351.55 K)
溶解度 混溶
pKa 15.9
黏度 1.200 mPa·s (cP), 20.0 °C
危險性
歐盟危險性符號
易燃易燃 F
警示 R:Template:R11
安全警告 S:S2-Template:S7-Template:S16
NFPA 704
3
1
0
 
相關物質(({參考))}
相關 甲醇丙醇丁醇
如果無講明,所有數據都係指25 °C,100 kPa嘅時候嘅情況。

乙醇粵拼jyut3 seon4英文ethanol)係種飲得嘅酒精,一般講,都係含乙醇。乙醇無色、室溫之下,佢係液體,好似咁。不過佢好易蒸發,亦都好易着,即係易燃。乙醇響一大氣壓力之下,沸點係攝氏78.4度,低過水。

乙醇化學來講係類,係種碳氫化合物,主幹係乙基(C₂H₅-),再帶多個羥基(氫氧基,-OH),符號C₂H₅OH,亦都寫做CH₃-CH₂-OH。佢響醇排第二輕,響甲醇之後。乙醇簡化符號係C₂H₆O,同二甲醚一樣,所以兩個係同分異構體(isomer)。

人以前發現,發酵會變成酒,就係最早造乙醇嘅方法。響有石油化工之後,先至有工業用途。

近年驚無石油用,唔少國都流行用縠造乙醇做燃料,搞到糧價大升。

反應

[編輯]

乙醇係種一級醇,會被人氧化,產生乙醛)。如果再氧化,會變羧酸乙酸)。可以用重鉻酸鉀做氧化劑。如果用濃硫酸或者氧化鋁加熱脫水,會出乙烯。

酯化

[編輯]

會同有機酸反應生成,要有濃硫酸催化劑。例如乙醇、乙酸同濃硫酸擺埋一起回流加熱,會出乙酸乙酯。

RCOOH + HOCH2CH3RCOOCH2CH3 + H2O
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乙醇
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