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甚大天线阵

34°04′43.497″N 107°37′03.819″W / 34.07874917°N 107.61772750°W / 34.07874917; -107.61772750

甚大天线阵(Very Large Array)
The VLA, Socorro, New Mexico, USA
O VLA, Socorro, Novo México, EUA
基本资料
组织美国国家射电天文台NRAO
位置美国新墨西哥州索科罗县
坐标34°04′43.49″N 107°37′05.81″W / 34.0787472°N 107.6182806°W / 34.0787472; -107.6182806
高度2124 米 (6970 ft)
波长radio
建筑1973年 - 1980年
口径27 x 25米
角分辨率0.05 to 700 arcsec
science.nrao.edu/facilities/vla
共享资源页面 维基共享资源

甚大天线阵(英语:Very Large Array,缩写VLA)是由27台25米口径的天线组成的射电望远镜阵列,位于美国新墨西哥州的圣阿古斯丁平原上,海拔2124米,是世界上最大的综合孔径射电望远镜。

甚大天线阵每个天线重230吨,架设在铁轨上,可以移动,所有天线呈Y形排列,分布在三条臂上,每臂长21千米,组合成的最长基线可达36千米。甚大天线阵隶属于美国国家射电天文台NRAO),于1981年建成,工作于6个波段,最高分辨率可以达到0.05角秒,与地面大型光学望远镜的分辨率相当。

天文学家使用甚大天线阵做出了一系列重要的发现,例如发现银河系内的微类星体、遥远星系周围的爱因斯坦环伽玛射线暴的射电波段对应体等等。

甚大天线阵曾出现在多部影视作品中,包括《威震太阳神》、《超时空接触》、《独立日》等。

阵型与谱带

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VLA主要有四种阵型(英语:configuration),分别名为A至D阵型,覆盖基线长度 35 m 至 36.4 km[1]。有时会出现这四种阵型中某两种的混合阵型,如BnA、CnB、DnC等,此时一条臂遵循较长阵型,另两条臂遵循较短阵型[2]。VLA有10个谱带英语Radio_spectrum#Bands(波段;英语:band),覆盖频率 58 MHz 至 50 GHz,对应波长 5.16 m 至 6 mm[3]

VLA的阵型
阵型 A B C D
最长基线(km)[注 1] 36.4 11.1 3.4 1.03
最短基线(m)[注 1] 680 210 35 35
VLA的谱带及分辨率
谱带名称 波长范围 频率范围 角分辨率arcsec[注 2]
A B C D
4 3.57-5.16 m 58-84 MHz 24 80 260 850
P 0.64-1.36 m 220-470 MHz 5.6 18.5 60 200
L 15-30 cm 1-2 GHz 1.3 4.3 14 46
S 7.5-15 cm 2-4 GHz 0.65 2.1 7.0 23
C 3.7-7.5 cm 4-8 GHz 0.33 1.0 3.5 12
X 2.5-3.7 cm 8-12 GHz 0.20 0.60 2.1 7.2
Ku 1.7-2.5 cm 12-18 GHz 0.13 0.42 1.4 4.6
K 1.1-1.7 cm 18-26.5 GHz 0.089 0.28 0.95 3.1
Ka 0.75-1.1 cm 26.5-40 GHz 0.059 0.19 0.63 2.1
Q 6-7.5 mm 40-50 GHz 0.043 0.14 0.47 1.5

注释:

  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 基线长度为两天线之间的距离。
  2. ^ 为合成波束(英语:synthesized beam)的半峰全宽

参看

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参考文献

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  1. ^ Momjian, Emmanuel. Resolution. National Radio Astronomy Observatory. 2017-06-22 [2019-05-06]. (原始内容存档于2021-04-19). 
  2. ^ VLA Configurations. National Radio Astronomy Observatory. [2024-07-24]. (原始内容存档于2021-03-28). 
  3. ^ Momjian, Emmanuel. VLA Frequency Bands and Tunability. National Radio Astronomy Observatory. 2018-12-07 [2019-05-06]. (原始内容存档于2019-06-05). 

外部链接

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甚大天线阵
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