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V型引擎

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雷诺公司的12-F活塞发动机,汽缸的排列型态是V字形

V型引擎(英语:V engine)是指活塞发动机气缸分列在曲轴的两侧,在该方向上呈现出V字形。这种排列方式相较于水平直线排列的设计,可以减少发动机的长度,高度和重量。

V型发动机的汽缸排列并非垂直于曲轴,而是有一个角度,两排汽缸之间的角度取决于汽缸的数量以及运作顺畅的考量而有不同,比较常见的角度包括60度与90度。

由于V型发动机的汽缸是朝外侧倾斜,因此发动机上侧的宽度较大,使用于单引擎飞机时,会影响到飞行员的视野。

汽缸呈倒V字形排列设计的德国DB 601发动机,可以与上图的外形作比较

另外一种类似的设计是将汽缸的排列方式上下颠倒,成为倒V字形的组合,这种设计以二次世界大战时期德国使用的DB 601发动机系列最为有名。这种设计可以减小发动机上侧的宽度,改善飞行员的视野,同时能够降低重心的高度。

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V型引擎
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