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分类:辽朝的塔.
辽朝的塔多为实心的密檐式塔,建筑材料亦多选择坚固耐久的砖石材料,而在建筑上则以砖石仿木结构,惟门窗不用唐塔宋塔的方形结构设计,而采用在力学上更加合理的拱券设计,这也是辽塔在建筑学上的一个重大突破;除密檐塔外,辽塔中尚有少部分仿唐塔形制的楼阁式塔。
辽塔平面多为八角形,繁复的基座是辽塔独有的特色,基座各个立面均做仿木处理,模仿木结构宫殿建筑里面,门窗齐全,表面或篆刻经典或雕凿佛教造像,常见的造像题材有佛像、金刚、力士、菩萨、宝器、塔、城、楼阁等等,非常精美。一些比较著名的辽塔,如北京天宁寺塔,不仅塔身基座遍布精美造像,而且塔檐、仿木斗拱均做工细致精巧惟妙惟肖。但在辽塔中更多的是一些做法比较简单的塔,仅第一层或一二层檐施用斗拱而以上其他各层均以叠涩出檐,造型简捷古朴。相比于同时代的宋塔,辽塔大多轮廓简介造型端庄,亦有极高的艺术价值。辽朝是中国造塔历史上一个重要的时期,期间不仅造塔数量甚众,而且结构合理造型优美,很大程度上影响了后世造塔的风格。
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