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六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷

六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷
3D球棍模型
IUPAC名
2,4,6,8,10,12-hexanitro-2,4,6,8,10,12-hexaazatetracyclo[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]dodecane
2,4,6,8,10,12-六硝基-2,4,6,8,10,12-六氮杂四环[5.5.0.05,9.03,11]十二烷
英文名 Hexanitrohexaazaisowurtzitane
别名 CL-20、HNIW
识别
CAS号 135285-90-4  checkY
PubChem 9889323
ChemSpider 8064994
SMILES
 
  • C12N(C4C(N1[N+](=O)[O-])N(C3C(N(C2N3[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])N4[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-])[N+](=O)[O-]
InChI
 
  • 1S/C6H6N12O12/c19-13(20)7-1-2-8(14(21)22)5(7)6-9(15(23)24)3(11(1)17(27)28)4(10(6)16(25)26)12(2)18(29)30/h1-6H
InChIKey NDYLCHGXSQOGMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N
ChEBI 77327
性质
化学式 C6N12H6O12
摩尔质量 438.1850 g·mol⁻¹
密度 2.044 g·cm-3
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

2,4,6,8,10,12-六硝基-2,4,6,8,10,12-六氮杂异伍兹烷,简称六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷HNIW,俗称CL-20,是具有笼型多环硝胺结构的一个高能量密度化合物,分子式为C6H6N12O12,为白色结晶。它由美国的尼尔森(Nielson)博士于1987年首先制得,主要用作推进剂的组分,中国化学家于1998年首次成功合成该物质。[1]

HNIW的氧平衡为-10.95%,最大爆速、爆压、密度等几个材料参数都优于HMX,能量输出比HMX高10-15%,自首次合成便引起了广泛关注。它在常温常压下有四种晶型:α-、β-、γ-及ε-晶型,其中以ε-晶型的结晶密度最大,最为实用。

HNIW有两个缺点限制了其应用:

  1. 生产成本昂贵,为工业化造成了阻碍。可通过改进或创造出新的合成路线来解决。
  2. 感度较高,安全性不佳。可通过改善结晶方式、结构及包覆钝感改善。

对HNIW的性能测试、合成路线及生产的研究。现在合成方法大多沿用尼尔森首次合成的线路:用苄胺乙二醛缩合生成六苄基六氮杂异伍兹烷(HBIW),脱生成乙酰基或其他前体官能团取代物,接着硝解得到α-及γ-晶型,最后转晶为ε-CL-20。


六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷的合成


也有很多新路线,如用2-氨甲基噻吩、2-氨甲基呋喃等其他伯代替苄胺,用乙二酸或乙二酰胺衍生物代替乙二醛,以及省去脱苄一步,等等。

参见

参考资料

  1. ^ The Chemistry of Cubane. [2008-07-05]. (原始内容存档于2014-05-08). 

外部链接

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六硝基六氮杂异伍兹烷
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