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乙二醛

乙二醛
IUPAC名
ethanedial
识别
CAS号 107-22-2  checkY
PubChem 7860
ChemSpider 7572
SMILES
 
  • C(=O)C=O
InChI
 
  • 1/C2H2O2/c3-1-2-4/h1-2H
InChIKey LEQAOMBKQFMDFZ-UHFFFAOYAX
ChEBI 34779
KEGG C14448
性质
化学式 C2H2O2
摩尔质量 58.04 g·mol⁻¹
密度 1.27 g/cm3
熔点 15 °C
沸点 51 °C
相关物质
相关化学品 乙二醇乙二酸
若非注明,所有数据均出自标准状态(25 ℃,100 kPa)下。

乙二醛是一个有机化合物化学式为OCHCHO,由两个醛基-C=O-H相连。它是最简单的二醛,室温下为黄色液体。

制取

工业上,乙二醛可由乙二醇催化下的气相氧化,或用硝酸溶液氧化乙醛制得。实验室中,乙二醛是通过用亚硒酸氧化乙醛制取。[1]无水乙二醛可由固态水合物与五氧化二磷共热制得。[2]

应用

乙二醛的应用有:

溶液

通常乙二醛以40%溶液的形式出售。它与其他小分子类似,可以形成水合物,而且水合物缩合生成一系列的“寡聚体”,结构尚不清楚。目前出售的至少有以下两种水合物:

  • 二聚乙二醛二水合物:[(CHO)2]2[H2O]2trans-2,3-二羟基-1,4-二𫫇烷 (CAS# 4845-50-5, m.p. 91-95 C)
  • 三聚乙二醛二水合物:[(CHO)2]3(H2O)4 (CAS# 4405-13-4)

根据估计,乙二醛水溶液浓度低于1M时,它主要以单体或水合物的形式存在,即OCHCHO、OCHCH(OH)2或(HO)2CHCH(OH)2。浓度大于1M时,主要为二聚体型,可能为缩醛结构,分子式为[(HO)CH]2O2CHCHO。[4]

参考资料

  1. ^ Ronzio, A. R.; Waugh, T. D. (1955). "Glyoxal Bisulfite". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 3: 438. 
  2. ^ Harries, C.; Temme, F. Über monomolekulares und trimolekulares Glyoxal. Berichte. 1907, 40: 165–172. doi:10.1002/cber.19070400124. 
  3. ^ Snyder, H. R.; Handrick, R. G.; Brooks, L. A. (1955). "Imidazole". Org. Synth.; Coll. Vol. 3: 471. 
  4. ^ Whipple, E. B. Structure of Glyoxal in Water. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 1970, 90: 7183–7186. doi:10.1021/ja00727a027. 
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乙二醛
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