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1889—1890年流感大流行

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俄国流感的宣传画(1890年1月)

1889—1890年流感大流行(英语:1889–1890 flu pandemic),又称“俄国流感(Russian flu)”,是指于1889年爆发的一次流感大流行[1][2][3][4][5] 最主要的一波疫情发生于1889年-1890年,此后1890年-1892年又发生了两波较大规模的疫情。[1][6]此次大流行共造成了全球约100万人死亡,是历史上致死人数最多的流行病之一,也是十九世纪最严重的疫情之一。[2][4][6][7]

1889年5月,该病最早在俄罗斯帝国位于中亚地区的布哈拉被发现,与此同时加拿大格林兰岛等地也有疫情报告。[1][3][6] 俄国当地的大规模铁路建设加重了疫情。[1] 1889年10月,该流感传播到了圣彼得堡莫斯科,并沿着铁路线传播到了欧洲大陆[1][3][8] 1890年初,流感传播到了美国纽约波士顿等地相继爆发疫情,共造成约13000名美国人死亡。[3][9]

该病的致病病原不明确, 有研究认为是H2N2流感病毒[6][10],有研究认为是H3N8流感病毒[8],也有研究人员认为俄国流感可能是OC43冠状病毒造成的[11][9][10]

参见

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参考资料

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  1. ^ 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 Kempińska-Mirosławska, Bogumiła; WoŸniak-Kosek, Agnieszka. The influenza epidemic of 1889–90 in selected European cities – a picture based on the reports of two Poznań daily newspapers from the second half of the nineteenth century. Medical Science Monitor : International Medical Journal of Experimental and Clinical Research. 2013-12-10, 19: 1131–1141 [2020-12-15]. ISSN 1234-1010. PMC 3867475可免费查阅. PMID 24322721. doi:10.12659/MSM.889469. (原始内容存档于2021-01-18). 
  2. ^ 2.0 2.1 King, Anthony. An uncommon cold. New Scientist (1971). 2020-05-02, 246 (3280): 32–35 [2020-12-15]. ISSN 0262-4079. PMC 7252012可免费查阅. PMID 32501321. doi:10.1016/S0262-4079(20)30862-9. (原始内容存档于2021-01-07). 
  3. ^ 3.0 3.1 3.2 3.3 Erkoreka, Anton. Origins of the Spanish Influenza pandemic (1918–1920) and its relation to the First World War. Journal of Molecular and Genetic Medicine : An International Journal of Biomedical Research. 2009-11-30, 3 (2): 190–194 [2020-12-15]. ISSN 1747-0862. PMC 2805838可免费查阅. PMID 20076789. (原始内容存档于2021-01-20). 
  4. ^ 4.0 4.1 1889年俄国流感4个月席卷全球 百万人丧生. 新华网. 搜狐. [2020-12-15]. (原始内容存档于2016-09-21). 
  5. ^ 葛元芬. 1889年,俄国流感4个月席卷全球. 中国期刊全文数据库. [2020-12-15]. [失效链接]
  6. ^ 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 Noor, Rashed; Maniha, Syeda Muntaka. A brief outline of respiratory viral disease outbreaks: 1889–till date on the public health perspectives. VirusDisease. 2020-09-02: 1–9 [2021-01-31]. ISSN 2347-3584. PMC 7466926可免费查阅. PMID 32905186. doi:10.1007/s13337-020-00628-5. (原始内容存档于2021-11-20). 
  7. ^ Ramiro, Diego; Garcia, Sara; Casado, Yolanda; Cilek, Laura; Chowell, Gerardo. Age-specific excess mortality patterns and transmissibility during the 1889–1890 influenza pandemic in Madrid, Spain. Annals of Epidemiology. 2018-05, 28 (5): 267–272 [2021-01-31]. doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2017.12.009. (原始内容存档于2020-11-11) (英语). 
  8. ^ 8.0 8.1 Valleron, Alain-Jacques; Cori, Anne; Valtat, Sophie; Meurisse, Sofia; Carrat, Fabrice; Boëlle, Pierre-Yves. Transmissibility and geographic spread of the 1889 influenza pandemic. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. 2010-05-11, 107 (19): 8778–8781 [2020-12-15]. ISSN 0027-8424. PMID 20421481. doi:10.1073/pnas.1000886107. (原始内容存档于2021-01-14) (英语). 
  9. ^ 9.0 9.1 Our Coronavirus Predicament Isn't All That New. Bloomberg.com. 2020-05-15 [2020-12-15]. (原始内容存档于2021-01-14) (英语). 
  10. ^ 10.0 10.1 Vijgen, Leen; Keyaerts, Els; Moës, Elien; Thoelen, Inge; Wollants, Elke; Lemey, Philippe; Vandamme, Anne-Mieke; Van Ranst, Marc. Complete Genomic Sequence of Human Coronavirus OC43: Molecular Clock Analysis Suggests a Relatively Recent Zoonotic Coronavirus Transmission Event. Journal of Virology. 2005-2, 79 (3): 1595–1604 [2020-12-15]. ISSN 0022-538X. PMID 15650185. doi:10.1128/JVI.79.3.1595-1604.2005. (原始内容存档于2021-01-14). 
  11. ^ COVID-19可能會永遠與我們共存,本文告訴你我們會怎麼與它一起生活. 国家地理杂志中文网. [2021-02-02]. (原始内容存档于2021-02-28). 
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1889—1890年流感大流行
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