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越南语名称
国语字 hiệu
汉喃
韩语名称
谚文
汉字
日语名称
汉字
旧字体

中国传统文化中,人除了有之外,有时亦会为自己取,又称别号别字。号是较正式的别名,以言意托志。受古代中国文化的影响,包括日本、韩国、越南等在内的东亚国家都有这样的习惯传统。

在东亚文化中,直呼别人之是十分无礼的。正常来说,只有长辈能直呼其名,平辈以字相称,后辈就用号来称呼前辈。[1]故称呼别人时,对有之人多呼其字,对有号之人则多呼其号,而不会直称其名。如苏轼,一字子瞻,一字和仲,自号东坡居士,道号东坡道人。人多称之为苏东坡,而不会直呼其名。有些人的号因此比他的本名或字更为人所熟悉,如祝枝山(本名允明),徐霞客(本名弘祖),曹雪芹(本名霑),郑板桥(本名燮),李叔同(本名广侯),邓泽如(本名文恩)。

另外,因应不同的用途也会有不同的号,如诗号、画号、武号等。士大夫还流行以自己的居处或书斋之号为别号,是为庵号佛教道教檀越出家人为了宗教取的号,称法号,或道号;基督徒受洗后的圣名也可以看作传统的号。

参考文献

  1. ^ 秦始皇︰一場歷史的思辨之旅. 博客来. [2020-02-12]. (原始内容存档于2020-02-12). 
  • Frederic, Louis (2002). "Gō." Japan Encyclopedia. Cambridge, Massachusetts: Harvard University Press.
  • Lane, Richard (1978). Images of the Floating World. Old Saybrook, CT: Konecky & Konecky.
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